Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA,
Transl Stroke Res. 2013 Aug;4(4):425-31. doi: 10.1007/s12975-012-0237-y. Epub 2012 Dec 21.
The long-term effects of multiple sport-related concussions are currently at the center of debate in the popular press and scientific community. The question, "How many concussions are too many," is frequently asked in the competitive sport environment by parents, athletes, and coaches. While research suggests that a history of concussion influences the risk and recovery from subsequent concussion, studies investigating the long-term effects of multiple concussions are less conclusive. This paper reviews the literature on multiple concussions and the potential long-term consequences of these injuries. Furthermore, this paper addresses how concussion history can inform clinical and return-to-play decisions. Recent studies incorporating novel brain imaging and electrophysiological technology for assessing residual impairment from multiple concussions are reviewed and the clinical implications of this work are discussed.
目前，多次与运动相关的脑震荡的长期影响是大众媒体和科学界争论的焦点。在竞技体育环境中，家长、运动员和教练经常会问一个问题，“多少次脑震荡算太多？”虽然研究表明脑震荡病史会影响随后脑震荡的风险和恢复，但研究多次脑震荡的长期影响的结论并不确定。本文综述了关于多次脑震荡的文献以及这些损伤的潜在长期后果。此外，本文还讨论了脑震荡病史如何为临床和重返赛场决策提供信息。本文还回顾了最近采用新型脑成像和电生理技术评估多次脑震荡残留损伤的研究，并讨论了这项工作的临床意义。
