Patel Dilip R, Shivdasani Vandana, Baker Robert J
Primary Care Sports Medicine Program, Michigan State University Kalamazoo Center for Medical Studies, Kalamazoo, MI 49008, USA.
Sports Med. 2005;35(8):671-84. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200535080-00002.
Sport-related head injuries are a common clinical problem. Most head injuries in young athletes are mild traumatic brain injuries or concussions. The highest number of sport-related concussions has been reported in American football. In addition to the well described physical and psychosocial growth, there is ongoing neurocognitive development of the brain during childhood and through adolescence. This developmental process has direct implications in the assessment and management of head injuries in young athletes. Research on the management and long-term outcome following brain injuries in young athletes is limited. Traditionally, the assessment of concussion has been based on clinical history and physical and neurological examination. Increasingly, neuropsychological testing, especially computerised testing, is providing objective measures for the initial assessment and follow-up of young athletes following brain injuries. Numerous guidelines have been published for grading and return to play criteria following concussion; however, none of these have been prospectively validated by research and none are specifically applicable to children and adolescents.
与运动相关的头部损伤是一个常见的临床问题。年轻运动员中的大多数头部损伤为轻度创伤性脑损伤或脑震荡。据报道，美式橄榄球运动中与运动相关的脑震荡数量最多。除了已被充分描述的身体和心理社会发育外，儿童期直至青春期大脑还在持续进行神经认知发育。这一发育过程对年轻运动员头部损伤的评估和管理具有直接影响。关于年轻运动员脑损伤后管理及长期预后的研究有限。传统上，脑震荡的评估基于临床病史以及体格和神经学检查。越来越多的神经心理学测试，尤其是计算机化测试，正在为年轻运动员脑损伤后的初始评估和随访提供客观指标。已经发布了许多关于脑震荡分级和恢复比赛标准的指南；然而，这些指南均未经过前瞻性研究验证，也没有专门适用于儿童和青少年的。
