Clinical Research Laboratory, Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen University, Calwerstr. 7/1, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2014 Mar;25(3):835-43. doi: 10.1007/s10856-013-5119-7. Epub 2013 Dec 11.
In the last few years, the use of biodegradable magnesium (Mg) alloys has evoked great interest in the orthopedic field due to great advantages over long-term implant materials associated with various side effects like allergy and sensitization and consequent implant removal surgeries. However, degradation of these Mg alloys results in ion release, which may cause severe cytotoxicity and undesirable complications after implantation. In this study, we investigated the cytological effects of various Mg alloys on cells that play an important role in bone repair. Eight different magnesium alloys containing varying amounts of Al, Zn, Nd and Y were either incubated directly or indirectly with the osteosarcoma cell line Saos-2 or with uninduced and osteogenically-induced human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from bone marrow specimens obtained from the femoral shaft of patients undergoing total hip replacement. Cell viability, cell attachment and the release of ions were investigated at different time points in vitro. During direct or indirect incubation different cytotoxic effects of the Mg alloys on Saos-2 cells and osteogenically-induced or uninduced MSCs were observed. Furthermore, the concentration of degradation products released from the Mg alloys differed. Overall, Mg alloys MgNd2, MgY4, MgAl9Zn1 and MgY4Nd2 exhibit good cytocompatibility. In conclusion, this study reveals the necessity of cytocompatibility evaluation of new biodegradable magnesium alloys with cells that will get in direct contact to the implant material. Furthermore, the use of standardized experimental in vitro assays is necessary in order to reliably and effectively characterize new Mg alloys before performing in vivo experiments.
在过去的几年中，由于与各种副作用（如过敏和致敏）相关的长期植入材料相比具有许多优势，可生物降解的镁（Mg）合金在骨科领域引起了极大的兴趣，这些副作用会导致植入物去除手术。然而，这些 Mg 合金的降解会导致离子释放，这可能会在植入后导致严重的细胞毒性和不良并发症。在这项研究中，我们研究了各种 Mg 合金对在骨修复中起重要作用的细胞的细胞学影响。八种不同的 Mg 合金含有不同含量的 Al、Zn、Nd 和 Y，它们要么直接与骨肉瘤细胞系 Saos-2 一起孵育，要么与从未诱导和诱导的人骨髓间充质干细胞（MSCs）间接孵育，从接受全髋关节置换术的患者股骨干获得的骨髓标本中分离出来。在体外不同时间点研究了细胞活力、细胞附着和离子释放。在直接或间接孵育过程中，观察到 Mg 合金对 Saos-2 细胞和成骨诱导或未诱导 MSCs 的不同细胞毒性作用。此外，从 Mg 合金释放的降解产物的浓度也不同。总体而言，Mg 合金 MgNd2、MgY4、MgAl9Zn1 和 MgY4Nd2 表现出良好的细胞相容性。总之，这项研究揭示了需要对将与植入物材料直接接触的细胞进行新的可生物降解 Mg 合金的细胞相容性评估。此外，为了在进行体内实验之前可靠有效地对新的 Mg 合金进行表征，有必要使用标准化的体外实验测定法。
