Departamento de Biologia & CESAM (Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar), Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2014 Mar;21(6):4418-29. doi: 10.1007/s11356-013-2339-9. Epub 2013 Dec 11.
The presence of pharmaceutical drugs in the environment is an important field of toxicology, since such residues can cause deleterious effects on exposed biota. This study assessed the ecotoxicological acute and chronic effects of two anticholinesterasic drugs, neostigmine and pyridostigmine in Daphnia magna. Our study calculated 48 h-EC50 values for the immobilization assay of 167.7 μg L(-1) for neostigmine and 91.3 μg L(-1) for pyridostigmine. In terms of feeding behavior, we calculated a 5 h-EC50 for filtration rates of 7.1 and 0.2 μg L(-1) for neostigmine and pyridostigmine, respectively; for the ingestion rates, the calculated EC50 values were, respectively, 7.5 and 0.2 μg L(-1) for neostigmine and pyridostigmine. In the reproduction assay, the most affected parameter was the somatic growth rate (LOECs of 21.0 and 2.9 μg L(-1) for neostigmine and pyridostigmine, respectively), followed by the fecundity (LOECs of 41.9 and 11.4 μg L(-1) for neostigmine and pyridostigmine, respectively). We also determined a 48 h-IC50 for cholinesterase activity of 1.7 and 4.5 μg L(-1) for neostigmine and pyridostigmine, respectively. These results demonstrated that both compounds are potentially toxic for D. magna at concentrations in the order of the μg L(-1).
环境中药物的存在是毒理学的一个重要领域，因为这些残留会对暴露的生物群造成有害影响。本研究评估了两种抗胆碱酯酶药物新斯的明和吡哆醇在大型蚤中的急性和慢性生态毒理学效应。我们的研究计算了新斯的明和吡哆醇对固定化试验的 48 h-EC50 值，分别为 167.7 μg/L 和 91.3 μg/L。在摄食行为方面，我们计算了新斯的明和吡哆醇的滤过率的 5 h-EC50 值，分别为 7.1 和 0.2 μg/L；对于摄食率，计算的 EC50 值分别为新斯的明和吡哆醇的 7.5 和 0.2 μg/L。在繁殖试验中，受影响最大的参数是体增长率（新斯的明和吡哆醇的 LOEC 值分别为 21.0 和 2.9 μg/L），其次是繁殖力（新斯的明和吡哆醇的 LOEC 值分别为 41.9 和 11.4 μg/L）。我们还测定了新斯的明和吡哆醇对乙酰胆碱酯酶活性的 48 h-IC50 值，分别为 1.7 和 4.5 μg/L。这些结果表明，这两种化合物在μg/L 量级的浓度下对大型蚤都具有潜在的毒性。
