Coates Rosanna, Moran Josephine, Horsburgh Malcolm J
Microbiology Research Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, Merseyside, L69 7ZB, UK.
Future Microbiol. 2014;9(1):75-91. doi: 10.2217/fmb.13.145.
Staphylococci are abundant bacteria of the human skin microbiome. Several species, particularly Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, are opportunistic pathogens and cause significant disease. The human skin serves many functions and here we review its role as an antimicrobial barrier and the staphylococcal mechanisms to colonize and counteract the various stresses present in this niche. Successful colonization is achieved using a diversity of adhesins, surface proteins and secreted enzymes to counteract the antimicrobial peptides, enzymes and lipid matrix components present in the acid mantle. Further mechanisms enable these bacteria to overcome osmotic and acid stresses and desiccation in order to survive the exacting demands of an ever-changing landscape.
葡萄球菌是人类皮肤微生物群中数量众多的细菌。有几个菌种，特别是金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌，是机会致病菌，可引发严重疾病。人类皮肤具有多种功能，在此我们综述其作为抗菌屏障的作用，以及葡萄球菌在该生态位中定殖并应对各种应激的机制。通过多种粘附素、表面蛋白和分泌酶来对抗酸性皮膜中存在的抗菌肽、酶和脂质基质成分，从而实现成功定殖。其他机制使这些细菌能够克服渗透压、酸应激和干燥，以便在不断变化的环境的严格要求下存活。
