HIV Prevention Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, 123 Jan Hofmeyr Road, Westville, Durban 3629, South Africa.
AIDS Res Ther. 2013 Dec 13;10(1):30. doi: 10.1186/1742-6405-10-30.
Thirty years since the discovery of HIV, the HIV pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa accounts for more than two thirds of the world's HIV infections. Southern Africa remains the region most severely affected by the epidemic. Women continue to bear the brunt of the epidemic with young women infected almost ten years earlier compared to their male counterparts. Epidemiological evidence suggests unacceptably high HIV prevalence and incidence rates among women. A multitude of factors increase women's vulnerability to HIV acquisition, including, biological, behavioral, socioeconomic, cultural and structural risks. There is no magic bullet and behavior alone is unlikely to change the course of the epidemic. Considerable progress has been made in biomedical, behavioral and structural strategies for HIV prevention with attendant challenges of developing appropriate HIV prevention packages which take into consideration the socioeconomic and cultural context of women in society at large.
自发现 HIV 病毒 30 年来，撒哈拉以南非洲的 HIV 疫情占全球 HIV 感染人数的三分之二以上。南部非洲仍然是受该疫情影响最严重的地区。妇女继续首当其冲地受到疫情的冲击，年轻妇女比同龄男性早感染 HIV 病毒近十年。流行病学证据表明，该地区妇女的 HIV 流行率和发病率高得令人无法接受。许多因素增加了妇女感染 HIV 的脆弱性，包括生物学、行为、社会经济、文化和结构性风险。目前还没有灵丹妙药，单凭行为本身不太可能改变疫情的走向。在预防 HIV 的生物医学、行为和结构策略方面已经取得了相当大的进展，但随之而来的挑战是制定适当的 HIV 预防方案，这些方案需要考虑到整个社会中妇女的社会经济和文化背景。
