School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, , Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UG, UK, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, , 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada , M1C 1A4.
Proc Biol Sci. 2013 Dec 11;281(1776):20132683. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2013.2683. Print 2014 Feb 7.
Anthropogenic noise is now recognized as a major global pollutant. Rapidly burgeoning research has identified impacts on individual behaviour and physiology through to community disruption. To date, however, there has been an almost exclusive focus on vertebrates. Not only does their central role in food webs and in fulfilling ecosystem services make imperative our understanding of how invertebrates are impacted by all aspects of environmental change, but also many of their inherent characteristics provide opportunities to overcome common issues with the current anthropogenic noise literature. Here, we begin by explaining why invertebrates are likely to be affected by anthropogenic noise, briefly reviewing their capacity for hearing and providing evidence that they are capable of evolutionary adaptation and behavioural plasticity in response to natural noise sources. We then discuss the importance of quantifying accurately and fully both auditory ability and noise content, emphasizing considerations of direct relevance to how invertebrates detect sounds. We showcase how studying invertebrates can help with the behavioural bias in the literature, the difficulties in drawing strong, ecologically valid conclusions and the need for studies on fitness impacts. Finally, we suggest avenues of future research using invertebrates that would advance our understanding of the impact of anthropogenic noise.
人为噪声现在被认为是一种主要的全球性污染物。快速发展的研究已经确定了它对个体行为和生理的影响，甚至对社区的干扰。然而，迄今为止，几乎完全专注于脊椎动物。它们在食物网中的核心作用以及履行生态系统服务的作用，使得我们必须了解无脊椎动物如何受到环境变化的各个方面的影响，而且它们的许多固有特征为克服当前人为噪声文献中的常见问题提供了机会。在这里，我们首先解释为什么无脊椎动物可能会受到人为噪声的影响，简要回顾它们的听力能力，并提供证据表明它们能够对自然噪声源做出进化适应和行为可塑性反应。然后，我们讨论了准确和全面地量化听觉能力和噪声含量的重要性，强调了与无脊椎动物如何检测声音直接相关的考虑因素。我们展示了研究无脊椎动物如何有助于解决文献中的行为偏见、难以得出强有力的、具有生态有效性的结论以及需要研究对适应性的影响等问题。最后，我们提出了利用无脊椎动物进行未来研究的途径，这将有助于我们理解人为噪声的影响。
