Tougeron Kévin, Abram Paul K
Am Nat. 2017 Sep;190(3):E55-E66. doi: 10.1086/692604. Epub 2017 Jun 26.
Despite its evolutionary importance and apparent ubiquity among animals, the ecological significance of sleep is largely unresolved. The ecology of sleep has been particularly neglected in invertebrates. In insects, recent neurobehavioral research convincingly demonstrates that resting behavior shares several common characteristics with sleep in vertebrates. Laboratory studies have produced compelling evidence that sleep disruption can cause changes in insect daily activity patterns (via "sleep rebound") and have consequences for behavioral performance during active periods. However, factors that could cause insect sleep disruption in nature have not been considered nor have the ecological consequences. Drawing on evidence from laboratory studies, we argue that sleep disruption may be an overlooked component of insect ecology and could be caused by a variety of anthropogenic and nonanthropogenic factors in nature. We identify several candidate sleep-disrupting factors and provide new insights on the potential consequences of sleep disruption on individual fitness, species interactions, and ecosystem services. We propose an experimental framework to bridge the current gap in knowledge between laboratory and field studies. We conclude that sleep disruption is a potential mechanism underpinning variation in behavioral, population, and community-level processes associated with several aspects of global change.
尽管睡眠在进化上具有重要意义且在动物中普遍存在，但其生态意义在很大程度上仍未得到解决。睡眠生态学在无脊椎动物中尤其被忽视。在昆虫中，最近的神经行为研究令人信服地表明，休息行为与脊椎动物的睡眠具有几个共同特征。实验室研究已经产生了令人信服的证据，表明睡眠中断会导致昆虫日常活动模式的变化（通过“睡眠反弹”），并对活跃期的行为表现产生影响。然而，尚未考虑在自然环境中可能导致昆虫睡眠中断的因素，也未考虑其生态后果。基于实验室研究的证据，我们认为睡眠中断可能是昆虫生态学中一个被忽视的组成部分，并且可能由自然环境中的各种人为和非人为因素引起。我们确定了几个可能导致睡眠中断的因素，并对睡眠中断对个体适应性、物种相互作用和生态系统服务的潜在后果提供了新的见解。我们提出了一个实验框架，以弥合当前实验室研究和实地研究之间的知识差距。我们得出结论，睡眠中断是一种潜在机制，它支撑着与全球变化的几个方面相关的行为、种群和群落水平过程的变化。
