Mowatt Lizette
Department of Surgery, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol. 2013 Oct-Dec;20(4):321-6. doi: 10.4103/0974-9233.120017.
To determine the frequency of diabetic retinopathy and its risk factors in diabetic patients attending the eye clinic at the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI).
This was a prospective cohort study of diabetic outpatients attending the Eye Clinic at the UHWI. Data were collected on age, gender, type of diabetes mellitus (DM), type of diabetic retinopathy, other ocular diseases, visual acuity, blood glucose and blood pressure.
There were 104 patients (208 eyes) recruited for this study. There were 58.6% (61/104) females (mean age 53.6 ± 11.9 years) and 41.4% (43/104) males (mean age 61.7 ± 12.1 years). Type II DM was present in 68.3% (56% were females) of the patients and Type I DM was present in 31.7% (69.7% were females). Most patients (66%) were compliant with their diabetic medications. The mean blood glucose was 11.4 ± 5.3 mmol/L. Elevated blood pressure (<130/80) was present in 82.7% of patients. The mean visual acuity was 20/160 (logMAR 0.95 ± 1.1). The frequency of diabetic retinopathy was 78%; 29.5% had background retinopathy, and 50.5% of eyes had proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) of which 34% had tractional retinal detachments. The odds ratio of developing PDR was 1.88 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.02-3.3) for Type I DM compared to 0.74 (95% CI: 0.55-0.99) for Type II DM. PDR was more prevalent in females (χ(2), P = 0.009) in both Type I and II DM.
Jamaica has a high frequency of PDR which is more common in Type I diabetics and females. This was associated with poor glucose and blood pressure control.
确定在西印度群岛大学医院（UHWI）眼科门诊就诊的糖尿病患者中糖尿病视网膜病变的发生率及其危险因素。
这是一项对在UHWI眼科门诊就诊的糖尿病门诊患者进行的前瞻性队列研究。收集了年龄、性别、糖尿病类型（DM）、糖尿病视网膜病变类型、其他眼部疾病、视力、血糖和血压等数据。
本研究共招募了104例患者（208只眼）。其中女性占58.6%（61/104），平均年龄53.6±11.9岁；男性占41.4%（43/104），平均年龄61.7±12.1岁。68.3%的患者患有II型糖尿病（其中女性占56%），31.7%的患者患有I型糖尿病（其中女性占69.7%）。大多数患者（66%）遵医嘱服用糖尿病药物。平均血糖为11.4±5.3 mmol/L。82.7%的患者血压升高（<130/80）。平均视力为20/160（logMAR 0.95±1.1）。糖尿病视网膜病变的发生率为78%；29.5%患有背景性视网膜病变，50.5%的眼患有增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变（PDR），其中34%发生了牵拉性视网膜脱离。与II型糖尿病相比，I型糖尿病发生PDR的比值比为1.88（95%置信区间（CI）：1.02 - 3.3），而II型糖尿病为0.74（95% CI：0.55 - 0.99）。在I型和II型糖尿病中，PDR在女性中更为普遍（χ(2)，P = 0.009）。
牙买加PDR的发生率较高，在I型糖尿病患者和女性中更为常见。这与血糖和血压控制不佳有关。
