Onakpoya O H, Kolawole B A, Adeoye A O, Adegbehingbe B O, Laoye O
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University/Teaching Hospital, Ile-Ife, 220003, Nigeria.
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Int Ophthalmol. 2016 Aug;36(4):477-85. doi: 10.1007/s10792-015-0145-8. Epub 2015 Nov 4.
Diabetes and blindness are important health issues globally; we determined the prevalence of blindness, diabetic retinopathy, and other eye diseases in Nigerian-type 2 diabetics. A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted on consenting type 2 diabetic patients who had scheduled comprehensive eye examination including dilated funduscopy with +78DS. Visual status was graded using the WHO criteria. Approval from Institutional Ethics Committee was obtained. Primary outcome measures were the prevalence and causes of blindness as well as prevalence of diabetic retinopathy. Secondary outcome measures were the presence of other eye diseases. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 13. Two hundred and sixty-six eyes of 133 type 2 diabetic patients aged 22-89 years were studied; 69 (51.9 %) were males while 64 (48.1 %) were females. Five (3.8 %) patients were blind while 27 (20.3 %) were visually impaired. Cataract was the leading cause of blindness (60 %) and visual impairment was found in 59.3 %. Diabetic retinopathy was present in 37 (27.8 %) diabetic patients of which 5 (3.8 %) were proliferative. Diabetic macular edema was present in 31 (23.3 %) patients. Severe visual impairment and blindness were commoner in those with diabetic retinopathy. Refractive error 67 (25.2 %), cataract 63 (23.7 %), and chronic glaucoma 44 (16.5 %) were the most prevalent non-diabetic retinopathy eye diseases. High prevalence of blindness, diabetic retinopathy, and other diseases are seen in type 2 diabetics. Health education, early diagnosis as well as treatment of diabetic retinopathy and other diseases will largely alleviate these ocular morbidities.
糖尿病和失明是全球重要的健康问题；我们确定了尼日利亚2型糖尿病患者中失明、糖尿病视网膜病变及其他眼部疾病的患病率。对同意接受包括用+78DS散瞳眼底镜检查在内的全面眼科检查的2型糖尿病患者进行了一项前瞻性横断面研究。根据世界卫生组织标准对视力状况进行分级。获得了机构伦理委员会的批准。主要结局指标为失明的患病率及病因以及糖尿病视网膜病变的患病率。次要结局指标为其他眼部疾病的存在情况。使用SPSS 13版对数据进行分析。对133例年龄在22 - 89岁的2型糖尿病患者的266只眼睛进行了研究；其中69例（51.9%）为男性，64例（48.1%）为女性。5例（3.8%）患者失明，27例（20.3%）有视力损害。白内障是失明的主要原因（60%），59.3%的患者有视力损害。37例（27.8%）糖尿病患者存在糖尿病视网膜病变，其中5例（3.8%）为增殖性病变。31例（23.3%）患者存在糖尿病黄斑水肿。糖尿病视网膜病变患者中严重视力损害和失明更为常见。屈光不正67例（25.2%）、白内障63例（23.7%）和慢性青光眼44例（16.5%）是最常见的非糖尿病视网膜病变性眼病。2型糖尿病患者中失明、糖尿病视网膜病变及其他疾病的患病率较高。糖尿病视网膜病变及其他疾病的健康教育、早期诊断和治疗将在很大程度上减轻这些眼部疾病。
