Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA ; University of Washington Medicine Sleep Center, Seattle, WA ; University of Washington Twin Registry, Seattle, WA.
J Clin Sleep Med. 2013 Dec 15;9(12):1333-9. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.3282.
The population-based University of Washington Twin Registry (UWTR) was used to examine (1) genetic influences on chronobiology and (2) whether these genetic factors influence alcohol-use phenotypes.
We used a reduced Horne-Östberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) to survey UWTR participants for diurnal preference. Frequency and quantity of alcohol use, as well as binge drinking (6+ drinks per occasion), were assessed on a 5-point Likert scale. Both diurnal preference and alcohol use were self-reported. Twin data were analyzed by using structural equation models.
The sample consisted of 2,945 participants (mean age = 36.4 years), including 1,127 same-sex and opposite-sex twin pairs and 691 individual twins. The rMEQ range was 4-25, with a mean score of 15.3 (SD 4.0). Diurnal "morning types" comprised 30.7% (N = 903) of participants, while 17.4% (N = 513) were "evening types." Regarding alcohol use, 21.2% (N = 624) reported never drinking. Among drinkers, 35.7% (N = 829) reported ≥ 3 drinks per occasion and 48.1% (N = 1,116) reported at least one instance of binge drinking. Genetic influences accounted for 37% of the variance in diurnal preference, with the remaining 63% due to non-shared environmental influences. Genetic propensities toward diurnal eveningness were significantly associated with increased alcohol quantity (β = -0.17; SE = 0.05, p < 0.001) and increased binge drinking (β = -0.19; SE = 0.04, p < 0.001), but not with frequency of alcohol use. Environmental paths between diurnal preference and alcohol use phenotypes were not significant.
Genetic influences on diurnal preference confer elevated risk for problematic alcohol use, including increased quantity and binge drinking. Differences in circadian rhythm may be an important and understudied pathway of risk for genetic influences on alcohol use.
利用基于人群的华盛顿大学双胞胎登记处（UWTR）研究（1）遗传对生物钟的影响，（2）这些遗传因素是否影响酒精使用表型。
我们使用简化的霍恩-奥斯特伯格晨型-晚型问卷（rMEQ）调查 UWTR 参与者的昼夜节律偏好。使用 5 点李克特量表评估饮酒频率和数量，以及 binge drinking（每次 6 杯以上）。昼夜节律偏好和饮酒均为自我报告。使用结构方程模型分析双胞胎数据。
样本包括 2945 名参与者（平均年龄为 36.4 岁），包括 1127 对同性别和异性别双胞胎以及 691 名个体双胞胎。rMEQ 范围为 4-25，平均得分为 15.3（SD 4.0）。昼夜节律的“晨型人”占参与者的 30.7%（N=903），而 17.4%（N=513）为“晚型人”。关于饮酒，21.2%（N=624）报告从不饮酒。在饮酒者中，35.7%（N=829）报告每次至少饮用 3 杯，48.1%（N=1116）报告至少有一次 binge drinking。遗传因素对昼夜节律偏好的变异有 37%的解释，其余 63%归因于非共享环境影响。昼夜节律向晚型的遗传倾向与饮酒量增加（β=-0.17；SE=0.05，p<0.001）和 binge drinking 增加（β=-0.19；SE=0.04，p<0.001）显著相关，但与饮酒频率无关。昼夜节律偏好和酒精使用表型之间的环境路径没有统计学意义。
昼夜节律偏好的遗传影响增加了出现问题性饮酒的风险，包括饮酒量增加和 binge drinking。昼夜节律差异可能是遗传对酒精使用影响的一个重要且被低估的风险途径。
