Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
Chronobiol Int. 2012 May;29(4):491-501. doi: 10.3109/07420528.2012.668995. Epub 2012 Apr 12.
Chronotye is associated with age, sex, personality, and parental monitoring during childhood. The evening type is associated with poor school performance, sleep problems, anxious/depressive symptoms, tobacco smoking, caffeine consumption, alcohol drinking, and suicidality in adolescents. The present study tested the relationships between chronotype and a wide range of psychopathology and personality traits among 2919 incoming undergraduate students. Each participant completed a self-administered questionnaire that included demographics, plus the Morningness-Eveningness (M-E) scale, Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS), Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire, and Maudesley Personality Inventory. The t-score distribution of the M-E scale was used to form the morning (t-score >60, n = 419), evening (t-score <40, n = 371), and intermediate (40 ≤ t-score ≤ 60, n = 2129) groups. Multivariable regression was employed for data analysis. For males, the evening type scored higher on all subscales of the BSRS than the morning type, except phobic anxiety. For females, the evening type had higher scores than the other two types on all subscales, except in obsession/compulsion and phobic anxiety, where the evening type only scored higher than the intermediate type. The evening type of both sexes also scored higher than the morning type in novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and neurotic personality characteristics, but lower than the morning type in extraversion and social desirability. In reward dependence, the evening type scored lowest for males, but there was no difference for females. The findings of the evening type being associated with possible psychopathology and certain types of personality have public health implications, that is, chronotype needs to be taken into account in the development of mental health prevention programs and assessment of and intervention for mental problems in young adults.
昼夜时型与年龄、性别、个性和儿童期的父母监管有关。夜间型与青少年的学业成绩不佳、睡眠问题、焦虑/抑郁症状、吸烟、咖啡因摄入、饮酒和自杀意念有关。本研究在 2919 名即将入学的本科生中测试了昼夜时型与广泛的精神病理学和人格特征之间的关系。每位参与者都完成了一份自我管理的问卷，其中包括人口统计学信息，以及 Morningness-Eveningness（M-E）量表、Brief Symptom Rating Scale（BSRS）、三维人格问卷和 Maudesley 人格问卷。M-E 量表的 t 分数分布用于形成早晨型（t 分数>60，n=419）、晚上型（t 分数<40，n=371）和中间型（40≤t 分数≤60，n=2129）组。多元回归用于数据分析。对于男性，除了恐怖焦虑外，晚上型在 BSRS 的所有子量表上的得分都高于早晨型。对于女性，晚上型在所有子量表上的得分都高于其他两种类型，除了强迫观念/强迫行为和恐怖焦虑，晚上型仅高于中间型。男女晚上型在寻求新奇、回避伤害和神经质人格特征方面的得分也高于早晨型，但在外向性和社交期望方面的得分低于早晨型。在奖赏依赖方面，男性的晚上型得分最低，但女性则没有差异。晚上型与可能的精神病理学和某些类型的人格有关的发现具有公共卫生意义，即昼夜时型需要在制定心理健康预防计划以及评估和干预年轻人的心理问题时加以考虑。
