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[饮用水流行安全的微生物学和寄生虫学指标与国际要求的协调统一]

[Harmonization of microbiologicaland parasitological indices of epidemic safety of drinking water with the international requirements].

作者信息

Ivanova L V, Artemova T Z, Gipp E K, Zagaĭnova A V, Maksimkina T N, Krasniak A V, Korneĭchuk S S, Shustova S S

出版信息

Gig Sanit. 2013 Sep-Oct(5):45-8.

Abstract

For the purpose of harmonization of microbiological and parasitological indices and benchmarks there was performed the comparative analysis of the requirements for the quality of drinking water in respect of the epidemic safety on the basic regulations of Russia, the Directive Council of the European Union EU, WHO, the United States, Canada, Australia, Finland, Sweden, Brazil, France, Japan and China. As a result, there were revealed the priority bacteriological, virological and parasitological parameters: E. coli--indicator of recent fecal contamination, coliforms, heterotrophic bacteria colony count (Heterotrophic plate count), which is in the water legislation of the Russian Federation is characterized as total bacterial count (TBC), being an integral index of the quality of wastewater treatment technologies and hygienic condition of the water supply systems, coliphages as an indicator of viral contamination. In the Guidelines for drinking-water quality control, WHO and a set of countries there is recommended a more wide range of indicators: enterococci, Clostridium perfringens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enteroviruses, parasitological indices. With aim of harmonization of the requirements for the quality of drinking water in the Russian Federation with international approaches to the revision of the Sanitary Regulations and Norms (SanPin) 2.1.4.1074 into the project there are introduced priority indicator parameters of bacterial, viral and parasitic contamination of water, evidence-based guidelines.

摘要

为了统一微生物学和寄生虫学指标及基准,依据俄罗斯、欧盟理事会指令、世界卫生组织(WHO)、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、芬兰、瑞典、巴西、法国、日本和中国的基本法规,对饮用水质量在流行病安全方面的要求进行了比较分析。结果显示了优先的细菌学、病毒学和寄生虫学参数:大肠杆菌——近期粪便污染的指标,大肠菌群,异养细菌菌落计数(平板计数法),在俄罗斯联邦水法规中其被表征为总细菌计数(TBC),是废水处理技术质量和供水系统卫生状况的综合指标,噬菌体作为病毒污染的指标。在WHO的《饮用水质量控制指南》以及一系列国家中,推荐了更广泛的指标:肠球菌、产气荚膜梭菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肠道病毒、寄生虫学指标。为使俄罗斯联邦对饮用水质量的要求与国际方法相统一,将《卫生法规与规范》(SanPin)2.1.4.1074修订为项目,引入了水的细菌、病毒和寄生虫污染的优先指标参数及循证指南。

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