Extreme Events and Health Protection, Public Health England, UK.
Medical Entomology and Zoonoses Ecology Group, Microbial Risk Assessment, Emergency Response Division, Public Health England, UK.
Public Health. 2014 Jan;128(1):29-37. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.09.006. Epub 2013 Dec 14.
This article aimed to review all literature on drought and vector-borne disease to enable an assessment of the possible impact of drought on the changing risk of vector-borne diseases in the UK.
A systematic literature review was performed.
Using a search strategy developed from a combination of terms for drought and selected outcomes, the authors systematically reviewed all available literature from 1990 to 2012 on the impact of drought on vector-borne diseases. The following databases were searched: PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE. After reviewing the abstracts, 38 articles were found to fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Evidence found drought followed by re-wetting can have a substantial effect on water table levels, vegetation, and aquatic predators; all factors which influence mosquito populations. Several studies found an association between a drought during the previous year and West Nile virus incidence. Urban mosquito vectors of dengue virus and chikungunya virus are adaptable by nature and are able to exploit a multitude of additional aquatic habitats created as a response to drought (i.e. water storage containers). Tick populations are likely to be negatively affected by drought as they are dependent upon high levels of humidity and soil moisture.
Further research is needed to identify public health interventions and environmental control measures for an invasive mosquito problem or arthropod-borne disease outbreak in the UK.
本文旨在综述所有与干旱和虫媒病相关的文献，以便评估干旱可能对英国不断变化的虫媒病风险产生的影响。
系统文献回顾。
作者采用一种由干旱和选定结果的术语组合形成的搜索策略，系统地综述了 1990 年至 2012 年间关于干旱对虫媒病影响的所有可用文献。搜索了以下数据库：PubMed、Web of Science 和 EMBASE。在回顾摘要后，发现 38 篇文章符合纳入和排除标准。
有证据表明，干旱后的再湿润会对地下水位、植被和水生捕食者产生重大影响；所有这些因素都会影响蚊子的数量。一些研究发现，前一年的干旱与西尼罗河病毒发病率之间存在关联。登革热病毒和基孔肯雅热病毒的城市蚊子传播媒介本质上具有适应性，能够利用因干旱而产生的多种额外水生栖息地（如储水容器）。由于蜱虫依赖于高湿度和土壤湿度，因此它们可能会受到干旱的负面影响。
需要进一步研究，以确定英国针对入侵性蚊子问题或虫媒病爆发的公共卫生干预措施和环境控制措施。
