Butsch Carsten, Beckers Liza-Marie, Nilson Enno, Frassl Marieke, Brennholt Nicole, Kwiatkowski René, Söder Mareike
University of Bonn, Germany Department of Geography.
University of Cologne, Germany Institute of Geography.
J Health Monit. 2023 Sep 6;8(Suppl 4):33-56. doi: 10.25646/11652. eCollection 2023 Sep.
Extreme weather events represent one of the most tangible impacts of anthropogenic climate change. They have increased in number and severity and a further increase is expected. This is accompanied by direct and indirect negative consequences for human health.
Flooding events, storms and droughts are analysed here for Germany from a systemic perspective on the basis of a comprehensive literature review. Cascading risks beyond the initial event are also taken into account in order to depict downstream consequences.
In addition to the immediate health burdens caused by extreme weather events such as injuries, long-term consequences such as stress-related mental disorders occur. These stresses particularly affect certain vulnerable groups, e.g. older persons, children, pregnant women or first responders.
A look at the cascading risks described in the international literature allows us to develop precautionary measures for adaptation to the consequences of climate change. Many adaptation measures protect against different risks at the same time. In addition to planning measures, these include, above all, increasing the population's ability to protect itself through knowledge and strengthening of social networks.
极端天气事件是人为气候变化最显著的影响之一。其数量和严重程度都有所增加，预计还会进一步加剧。这会给人类健康带来直接和间接的负面后果。
本文基于全面的文献综述，从系统角度分析了德国的洪水事件、风暴和干旱。为描述下游后果，还考虑了初始事件之外的级联风险。
除了极端天气事件造成的如受伤等直接健康负担外，还会出现如与压力相关的精神障碍等长期后果。这些压力尤其影响某些弱势群体，如老年人、儿童、孕妇或急救人员。
审视国际文献中描述的级联风险，有助于我们制定预防措施以适应气候变化的后果。许多适应措施能同时防范不同风险。除了规划措施外，这些措施首先包括通过知识增强民众自我保护能力以及加强社交网络。
