Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
Kessler Foundation Research Center, West Orange, NJ 07052, United States.
Addict Behav. 2014 Mar;39(3):652-9. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.11.020. Epub 2013 Dec 1.
The multidimensional construct of impulsivity is implicated in all phases of the addiction cycle. Substance dependent individuals (SDIs) demonstrate elevated impulsivity on both trait and laboratory tests of neurobehavioral impulsivity; however our understanding of the relationship between these different aspects of impulsivity in users of different classes of drugs remains rudimentary. The goal of this study was to assess for commonalities and differences in the relationships between trait and neurobehavioral impulsivity in heroin and amphetamine addicts. Participants included 58 amphetamine dependent (ADIs) and 74 heroin dependent individuals (HDIs) in protracted abstinence. We conducted Principal Component Analyses (PCA) on two self-report trait and six neurobehavioral measures of impulsivity, which resulted in two trait impulsivity (action, planning) and four neurobehavioral impulsivity composites (discriminability, response inhibition efficiency, decision-making efficiency, quality of decision-making). Multiple regression analyses were used to determine whether neurobehavioral impulsivity is predicted by trait impulsivity and drug type. The analyses revealed a significant interaction between drug type and trait action impulsivity on response inhibition efficiency, which showed opposite relationships for ADIs and HDIs. Specifically, increased trait action impulsivity was associated with worse response inhibition efficiency in ADIs, but with better efficiency in HDIs. These results challenge the unitary account of drug addiction and contribute to a growing body of literature that reveals important behavioral, cognitive, and neurobiological differences between users of different classes of drugs.
冲动的多维结构与成瘾周期的所有阶段都有关。依赖物质的个体（SDI）在特质和神经行为冲动的实验室测试中都表现出较高的冲动性；然而，我们对不同类别的药物使用者中这些不同方面的冲动之间的关系的理解仍然很基础。本研究的目的是评估海洛因和苯丙胺成瘾者特质和神经行为冲动之间的关系的共性和差异。参与者包括 58 名苯丙胺依赖者（ADIs）和 74 名海洛因依赖者（HDIs），均处于长期戒断中。我们对两个自我报告的特质和六个神经行为冲动的测量进行了主成分分析（PCA），结果得出了两个特质冲动（行动、计划）和四个神经行为冲动综合指标（辨别力、反应抑制效率、决策效率、决策质量）。多元回归分析用于确定特质冲动和药物类型是否可以预测神经行为冲动。分析显示，药物类型和特质行动冲动之间的相互作用对反应抑制效率有显著影响，ADIs 和 HDIs 之间存在相反的关系。具体来说，特质行动冲动的增加与 ADIs 的反应抑制效率降低有关，但与 HDIs 的效率提高有关。这些结果挑战了成瘾的单一解释，并为越来越多的文献做出了贡献，这些文献揭示了不同类别的药物使用者之间在行为、认知和神经生物学方面的重要差异。
