J Pers Disord. 2014 Feb;28(1):78-95. doi: 10.1521/pedi.2014.28.1.78.
In the context of personality disorder development, theories of typical and atypical development both emphasize social cognition as an important building block for personality development. Prior claims of intact theory of mind (ToM) abilities in psychopathic individuals have relied upon a narrow conception of ToM as equivalent to "cognitive empathy." In this article, the authors make use of a broader conception of ToM comprising top-down and bottom-up processing, as well as the fractionation of ToM in terms of reduced or excessive ToM function, to examine relationships between ToM and psychopathic traits. A total of 342 adolescents (ages 12-17; Mage 15.39; SD = 1.45; 61.5% females) completed the Movie Assessment for Social Cognition (Dziobek, Fleck, Kalbe, et al., 2006) and the Child Eyes Test (Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Hill, Raste, & Plumb, 2001) in addition to three measures of psychopathic traits. Results demonstrated unique relations between the affective components of psychopathy (callous-unemotional traits [CU traits]) and impairment in both top-down and bottom-up ToM. In addition, excessive ToM related to affective components of psychopathy, while reduced or no ToM related to behavioral components of psychopathy. In mediational analyses, bottom-up ToM was shown to be necessary for top-town ToM in its relation with CU traits. Taken together, these results from the study lend support to revisiting the link between ToM and psychopathy.
在人格障碍发展的背景下，典型和非典型发展理论都强调社会认知是人格发展的重要组成部分。先前关于精神病态个体完整心理理论（ToM）能力的主张依赖于将 ToM 等同于“认知同理心”的狭隘概念。在本文中，作者利用更广泛的 ToM 概念，包括自上而下和自下而上的加工，以及根据减少或过度的 ToM 功能对 ToM 的细分，来研究 ToM 与精神病态特征之间的关系。共有 342 名青少年（年龄 12-17 岁；Mage 15.39；SD=1.45；61.5%为女性）完成了电影社会认知评估（Dziobek、Fleck、Kalbe 等人，2006）和儿童眼睛测试（Baron-Cohen、Wheelwright、Hill、Raste 和 Plumb，2001），以及三个精神病态特征的测量。结果表明，精神病态的情感成分（无情无义特征[CU 特征]）与自上而下和自下而上 ToM 的损伤之间存在独特的关系。此外，过度的 ToM 与精神病态的情感成分有关，而减少的或没有的 ToM 与精神病态的行为成分有关。在中介分析中，显示自下而上的 ToM 是自上而下的 ToM 与其与 CU 特征的关系所必需的。综上所述，这项研究的结果支持重新审视 ToM 与精神病态之间的联系。
