Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2014 Feb 15;472:1001-9. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.124. Epub 2013 Dec 15.
Coking influences environmental quality and poses high risks to human health as large amounts of heavy metals and metalloids are emitted into the environment from coal during the coking process. Health risks depend heavily on multi-pathway and element-specific exposures, which have, unfortunately, been rarely studied. In this study, children's health risks and exposure levels to As, Se, and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Co, Zn, Cu, Mn, V and Sb) in the water, soil, dust, air and locally produced food were studied based on field sampling and questionnaire-based surveys around the largest coking area in China. Human blood samples were collected and analyzed to indicate the exposure levels. The non-carcinogenic risks to children mainly resulted from Cr, Mn, Pb, As and Sb, the levels of which were 3 to 10 times higher than the acceptable levels (1.0×10(-6)). The carcinogenic risks to children were 30 to 200 times higher than the safe level (1.0×10(-6)-1.0×10(-4)), which could be attributed to Cr, As and Ni pollution. The estimated risks mainly came from the pathway involving the ingestion of locally produced food, accounting for more than 85% in total for most elements. For As, the food ingestion and air inhalation exposure pathways both contributed approximately 50%, respectively. The high risks in this study highlight the attention paid to the health of children who live in the vicinity of coking activities and the importance of site-specific multi-pathway health risk assessments and food safety to protect potentially exposed children.
炼焦会影响环境质量，并对人类健康造成高风险，因为在炼焦过程中，大量的重金属和类金属会从煤中排放到环境中。健康风险在很大程度上取决于多途径和元素特异性暴露，而这些途径和元素特异性暴露很少被研究。在这项研究中，根据在中国最大的炼焦区周围的实地采样和基于问卷的调查，研究了儿童在水、土壤、灰尘、空气和当地生产的食物中对砷、硒和重金属（铅、镉、铬、镍、钴、锌、铜、锰、钒和锑）的健康风险和暴露水平。采集并分析了人类血液样本以指示暴露水平。儿童的非致癌风险主要来自 Cr、Mn、Pb、As 和 Sb，其水平比可接受水平（1.0×10(-6))高出 3 至 10 倍。儿童的致癌风险比安全水平（1.0×10(-6)-1.0×10(-4))高出 30 至 200 倍，这可归因于 Cr、As 和 Ni 污染。估计的风险主要来自摄入当地生产的食物的途径，对于大多数元素，这占总风险的 85%以上。对于 As，食物摄入和空气吸入暴露途径的贡献分别约为 50%。本研究中的高风险突出了关注生活在炼焦活动附近的儿童的健康，以及针对特定地点的多途径健康风险评估和食品安全的重要性，以保护可能暴露的儿童。
