Kromhout Daan, de Goede Janette
Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
Curr Opin Lipidol. 2014 Feb;25(1):85-90. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000041.
The fish fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) may promote cardiometabolic health. This review summarizes the results of recent meta-analyses of prospective studies on cardiovascular diseases, diabetes type 2 and markers of atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
The results of recently published meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies showed that eating fish once a week was associated with a 16% lower risk of fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) and a 14% lower risk of stroke incidence, but was not related to heart failure. Fish consumption may be associated with a higher risk of diabetes in Western countries and a lower risk in Asian countries. Recent meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials showed that EPA-DHA supplementation reduced the risk of fatal CHD and sudden death by 10% of which the latter was not significant. Extra EPA-DHA did not reduce the risk of heart failure, stroke and cardiac arrhythmias. ω-3 fatty acid (FA) supplementation did reduce markers of ventricular fibrillation, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction and platelet aggregation.
There is strong evidence for a protective effect of ω-3 FA on fatal CHD and for some markers of atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Consistent results were not obtained for other vascular diseases and diabetes. ω-3 FA reduced markers of ventricular fibrillation but did not reduce the risk of atrial fibrillation.
鱼类脂肪酸二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）可能促进心脏代谢健康。本综述总结了近期关于心血管疾病、2型糖尿病以及动脉粥样硬化和血栓形成标志物的前瞻性研究的荟萃分析结果。
最近发表的前瞻性队列研究的荟萃分析结果表明，每周食用一次鱼与致命性冠心病（CHD）风险降低16%以及中风发病率风险降低14%相关，但与心力衰竭无关。在西方国家，食用鱼类可能与患糖尿病的风险较高相关，而在亚洲国家则风险较低。最近对随机对照试验的荟萃分析表明，补充EPA-DHA可使致命性CHD和猝死风险降低10%，其中后者不显著。额外补充EPA-DHA并不能降低心力衰竭、中风和心律失常的风险。补充ω-3脂肪酸（FA）确实能降低室颤、炎症和内皮功能障碍以及血小板聚集的标志物水平。
有强有力的证据表明ω-3脂肪酸对致命性CHD以及某些动脉粥样硬化和血栓形成标志物具有保护作用。对于其他血管疾病和糖尿病，未获得一致的结果。ω-3脂肪酸降低了室颤标志物水平，但未降低房颤风险。
