Alfhili Mohammad A, Alsughayyir Jawaher, Basudan Ahmed, Alfaifi Mohammed, Awan Zuhier A, Algethami Mohammed R, Al-Sheikh Yazeed A
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2023 Mar;30(3):103577. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103577. Epub 2023 Jan 27.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may favorably influence the risk and clinical course of diabetes mellitus (DM). In particular, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (AA) alleviate oxidative injury and insulin resistance characteristic of DM. Uncertainty still remains, however, as to the composition and proportions of blood PUFAs in relation to fasting blood glucose levels. This study, thus, aims to examine the patterns of blood PUFA indices in normoglycemic (NG) and hyperglycemic (HG) Saudi subjects. Age, gender, FA profiles, and laboratory records of 143 subjects collected from September 2014 to March 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Means, prevalence rates, associations, risk measures, and the diagnostic accuracy of PUFAs were determined. HG subjects had significantly lower AA (0.70%, 95% CI: 0.59-0.80% 0.46%, 95% CI: 0.38-0.53%) and higher EPA/AA ratio (0.36, 95% CI: 0.30-0.42 0.69, 95% CI: 0.61-0.77). Gender-wise comparisons revealed that ώ-6/ώ-3 ratio was the only PUFA index significantly elevated in HG males (0.36, 95% CI: 0.26-0.45 5.68, 95% CI: 4.98-6.38) while both DHA (2.91%, 95% CI: 2.54-3.29% 3.37%, 95% CI: 3.13-3.60%) and ώ-3 index (3.1%, 95% CI: 2.70-3.49% 3.63%, 95% CI: 3.38-3.88%) were significantly elevated in HG females. Furthermore, reduced AA and elevated EPA/AA ratio were more prevalent in HG subjects (26.53 28.72 and 30.61 38.29, respectively) and exhibited the highest diagnostic accuracy for HG among all PUFA indices. Altogether, our study revealed that distinct, gender-specific blood PUFA indices are differentially regulated in HG subjects which may be valuable for DM management.
多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）可能对糖尿病（DM）的风险及临床病程产生有利影响。特别是，二十碳五烯酸（EPA）、二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和花生四烯酸（AA）可减轻糖尿病特有的氧化损伤和胰岛素抵抗。然而，关于血液中多不饱和脂肪酸的组成和比例与空腹血糖水平之间的关系仍存在不确定性。因此，本研究旨在调查沙特正常血糖（NG）和高血糖（HG）受试者的血液多不饱和脂肪酸指数模式。对2014年9月至2018年3月收集的143名受试者的年龄、性别、脂肪酸谱和实验室记录进行了回顾性分析。确定了多不饱和脂肪酸的均值、患病率、关联、风险测量指标以及诊断准确性。高血糖受试者的花生四烯酸显著降低（0.70%，95%可信区间：0.59 - 0.80%对0.46%，95%可信区间：0.38 - 0.53%），而二十碳五烯酸/花生四烯酸比值升高（0.36，95%可信区间：0.30 - 0.42对0.69，95%可信区间：0.61 - 0.77）。按性别比较显示，ω-6/ω-3比值是高血糖男性中唯一显著升高的多不饱和脂肪酸指数（0.36，95%可信区间：0.26 - 0.45对5.68，95%可信区间：4.98 - 6.38），而高血糖女性的二十二碳六烯酸（2.91%，95%可信区间：2.54 - 3.29%对3.37%，95%可信区间：3.13 - 3.60%）和ω-3指数（3.1%，95%可信区间：2.70 - 3.49%对3.63%，95%可信区间：3.38 - 3.88%）均显著升高。此外，花生四烯酸降低和二十碳五烯酸/花生四烯酸比值升高在高血糖受试者中更为普遍（分别为26.53对28.72和30.61对38.29），并且在所有多不饱和脂肪酸指数中对高血糖的诊断准确性最高。总之，我们的研究表明，高血糖受试者中不同的、性别特异性的血液多不饱和脂肪酸指数受到不同的调节，这可能对糖尿病管理具有重要价值。
