Persson Roger, Cleal Bryan, Jakobsen Mette Øllgaard, Villadsen Ebbe, Andersen Lars L
National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark.
Health Educ Behav. 2014 Aug;41(4):376-86. doi: 10.1177/1090198113515240. Epub 2013 Dec 16.
To examine the help preferences of employees in the Danish police who had acknowledged that they wished to change health behaviors. In addition, we explored whether preferences varied with age, gender, chronic health concerns, positive expectations of good health, and past experiences of in-house health promotion services (i.e., wellness service).
Respondents to an electronic questionnaire who acknowledged wishing to change health behaviors in relation to smoking (n = 845), alcohol (n = 684), eating (n = 4,431), and physical activity (n = 5,179) were asked to choose up to three help alternatives on a predefined list.
In descending order, smokers preferred help from nicotine gum, no help, and help and support from family and friends. Alcohol consumers preferred no help or help and support from family and friends or "other" forms. Employees who wanted to change eating habits preferred a free fruit bowl, free nutritional guidance, and healthy food at work. Employees who wanted to change physical activity patterns preferred exercise at work, offers of free exercise, and exercise in a social/collegial context.
Wishing to change health behaviors is not always accompanied by perceiving a need for assistance. The no-help option was selected fairly frequently and mostly in relation to alcohol and smoking. A fruit bowl was the most preferred option for help, followed by exercise at work and free exercise. Help from traditional health services was ranked low, possibly reflecting that they are primarily viewed as a solution for stopping disease rather than promoting health.
调查丹麦警方中承认希望改变健康行为的员工的帮助偏好。此外，我们还探讨了这些偏好是否因年龄、性别、慢性健康问题、对良好健康的积极期望以及内部健康促进服务（即健康服务）的过往经历而有所不同。
对一份电子问卷的受访者进行调查，这些受访者承认希望在吸烟（n = 845）、饮酒（n = 684）、饮食（n = 4431）和体育活动（n = 5179）方面改变健康行为，并被要求在预先定义的列表中选择多达三种帮助选项。
按降序排列，吸烟者更倾向于从尼古丁口香糖获得帮助、不寻求帮助以及获得家人和朋友的帮助与支持。饮酒者更倾向于不寻求帮助或获得家人和朋友的帮助与支持或“其他”形式的帮助。希望改变饮食习惯的员工更倾向于获得免费水果盘、免费营养指导以及工作场所的健康食品。希望改变体育活动模式的员工更倾向于在工作场所锻炼、获得免费锻炼机会以及在社交/同事环境中锻炼。
希望改变健康行为并不总是伴随着意识到需要帮助。不寻求帮助这一选项被相当频繁地选择，且大多与饮酒和吸烟有关。水果盘是最受欢迎的帮助选项，其次是在工作场所锻炼和免费锻炼。传统健康服务提供的帮助排名较低，这可能反映出它们主要被视为治疗疾病而非促进健康的解决方案。
