Schulz Daniela N, Kremers Stef P J, De Vries Hein
a Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands.
J Health Commun. 2015;20(6):663-72. doi: 10.1080/10810730.2015.1012243. Epub 2015 Apr 30.
Health risk behaviors are widespread among adults and often co-occur. eHealth computer-tailored technology provides individuals with personalized feedback regarding multiple lifestyle behaviors. First, the authors investigated individuals' preferences for particular lifestyle modules and hypothesised that health preventive behavior modules would be preferred over addictive behavior modules. Second, characteristics associated with these choices were examined. A web-based questionnaire assessed demographics, health status, and five lifestyle behaviors (i.e., physical activity, fruit consumption, vegetable consumption, alcohol intake and tobacco use) among adults (N = 1,828). Responses were translated into a health risk appraisal outlining whether respondents adhered to the national guidelines for these behaviors. Next, respondents could select one of the lifestyle modules providing personalized advice. More than 60% of the participants failed to meet the guidelines for more than one lifestyle behavior. The physical activity module was the most popular, followed by the smoking and fruit modules. Young adults tended to prefer the physical activity and fruit modules, whereas the vegetable module was more popular among older adults. No consistent pattern was identified for the alcohol and smoking modules. The results support the authors' hypothesis that health preventive behaviors-in particular, physical activity-would be preferred. Although this could imply that physical activity could serve as a gateway behavior when aiming at multiple behavior changes, it is also conceivable that other mechanisms, such as the actual success of behavior change, or the fact that people can choose, may increase chances of multiple behavior change. Hence, mechanisms leading to multiple behavior change need to be further explored.
健康风险行为在成年人中广泛存在且常常同时出现。电子健康计算机定制技术为个人提供有关多种生活方式行为的个性化反馈。首先，作者调查了个人对特定生活方式模块的偏好，并假设健康预防行为模块会比成瘾行为模块更受青睐。其次，研究了与这些选择相关的特征。一项基于网络的问卷调查评估了成年人（N = 1828）的人口统计学特征、健康状况以及五种生活方式行为（即体育活动、水果消费、蔬菜消费、饮酒和吸烟）。回答被转化为一份健康风险评估，概述了受访者是否遵守这些行为的国家指南。接下来，受访者可以选择提供个性化建议的生活方式模块之一。超过60%的参与者未能达到不止一种生活方式行为的指南要求。体育活动模块最受欢迎，其次是吸烟和水果模块。年轻人倾向于选择体育活动和水果模块，而蔬菜模块在老年人中更受欢迎。对于饮酒和吸烟模块，未发现一致的模式。结果支持了作者的假设，即健康预防行为——特别是体育活动——会更受青睐。虽然这可能意味着在旨在实现多种行为改变时，体育活动可以作为一种引导行为，但也可以想象其他机制，比如行为改变的实际成功，或者人们能够选择这一事实，可能会增加多种行为改变的机会。因此，导致多种行为改变的机制需要进一步探索。
