Backer Kristina C, Alain Claude
Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.
Psychol Res. 2014;78(3):439-52. doi: 10.1007/s00426-013-0531-7. Epub 2013 Dec 20.
Despite a growing acceptance that attention and memory interact, and that attention can be focused on an active internal mental representation (i.e., reflective attention), there has been a paucity of work focusing on reflective attention to 'sound objects' (i.e., mental representations of actual sound sources in the environment). Further research on the dynamic interactions between auditory attention and memory, as well as its degree of neuroplasticity, is important for understanding how sound objects are represented, maintained, and accessed in the brain. This knowledge can then guide the development of training programs to help individuals with attention and memory problems. This review article focuses on attention to memory with an emphasis on behavioral and neuroimaging studies that have begun to explore the mechanisms that mediate reflective attentional orienting in vision and more recently, in audition. Reflective attention refers to situations in which attention is oriented toward internal representations rather than focused on external stimuli. We propose four general principles underlying attention to short-term memory. Furthermore, we suggest that mechanisms involved in orienting attention to visual object representations may also apply for orienting attention to sound object representations.
尽管人们越来越认可注意力和记忆相互作用，且注意力能够聚焦于活跃的内部心理表征（即反射性注意力），但针对对“声音对象”（即环境中实际声源的心理表征）的反射性注意力的研究却很少。进一步研究听觉注意力与记忆之间的动态相互作用及其神经可塑性程度，对于理解声音对象在大脑中是如何被表征、维持和提取的至关重要。这些知识随后可指导训练项目的开发，以帮助有注意力和记忆问题的个体。这篇综述文章聚焦于对记忆的注意力，重点关注行为和神经影像学研究，这些研究已开始探索介导视觉以及最近听觉中反射性注意力定向的机制。反射性注意力指的是注意力指向内部表征而非聚焦于外部刺激的情况。我们提出了注意力指向短期记忆的四条一般原则。此外，我们认为，将注意力导向视觉对象表征所涉及的机制可能也适用于将注意力导向声音对象表征。
