Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, Toronto, Canada.
Psychol Res. 2022 Mar;86(2):544-557. doi: 10.1007/s00426-021-01494-6. Epub 2021 Mar 8.
Speech perception in noise is a cognitively demanding process that challenges not only the auditory sensory system, but also cognitive networks involved in attention. The predictive coding theory has been influential in characterizing the influence of prior context on processing incoming auditory stimuli, with comparatively less research dedicated to "postdictive" processes and subsequent context effects on speech perception. Effects of subsequent semantic context were evaluated while manipulating the relationship of three target words presented in noise and the temporal position of targets compared to the subsequent contextual cue, demonstrating that subsequent context benefits were present regardless of whether the targets were related to each other and did not depend on the position of the target. However, participants instructed to focus on the relation between target and cue performed worse than those who did not receive this instruction, suggesting a disruption of a natural process of continuous speech recognition. We discuss these findings in relation to lexical commitment and stimulus-driven attention to short-term memory as mechanisms of subsequent context integration.
噪声下言语感知是一个认知要求很高的过程，它不仅挑战听觉感知系统，还挑战涉及注意力的认知网络。预测编码理论在描述先前语境对处理传入听觉刺激的影响方面具有影响力，而相对较少的研究致力于“后预测”过程和随后的语境对言语感知的影响。在操纵三个目标词在噪声中呈现的关系以及目标与随后语境线索的时间位置的同时，评估了后续语义语境的影响，结果表明，无论目标词之间是否相关，以及目标是否取决于目标的位置，后续语境都有好处。然而，那些被指示关注目标和线索之间关系的参与者表现不如没有收到该指令的参与者，这表明连续言语识别的自然过程受到干扰。我们根据词汇承诺和刺激驱动的短期记忆注意力将这些发现讨论为后续语境整合的机制。
