Belova Anna, Greco Susan L, Riederer Anne M, Olsho Lauren E W, Corrales Mark A
Abt Associates, 4550 Montgomery Avenue, Suite 800 North, 20814 Bethesda, MD, USA.
Environ Health. 2013 Dec 19;12:114. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-12-114.
Environmental biomonitoring data provide one way to examine race/ethnicity and income-related exposure disparity and identify potential environmental justice concerns.
We screened U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2008 biomonitoring data for 228 chemicals for race/ethnicity and income-related disparity. We defined six subgroups by race/ethnicity-Mexican American, non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white-and income-Low Income: poverty income ratio (PIR) <2, High Income: PIR ≥ 2. We assessed disparity by comparing the central tendency (geometric mean [GM]) of the biomonitoring concentrations of each subgroup to that of the reference subgroup (non-Hispanic white/High Income), adjusting for multiple comparisons using the Holm-Bonferroni procedure.
There were sufficient data to estimate at least one geometric mean ratio (GMR) for 108 chemicals; 37 had at least one GMR statistically different from one. There was evidence of potential environmental justice concern (GMR significantly >1) for 12 chemicals: cotinine; antimony; lead; thallium; 2,4- and 2,5-dichlorophenol; p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene; methyl and propyl paraben; and mono-ethyl, mono-isobutyl, and mono-n-butyl phthalate. There was also evidence of GMR significantly <1 for 25 chemicals (of which 17 were polychlorinated biphenyls).
Although many of our results were consistent with the U.S. literature, findings relevant to environmental justice were novel for dichlorophenols and some metals.
环境生物监测数据提供了一种检验种族/族裔与收入相关的暴露差异并识别潜在环境正义问题的方法。
我们筛选了2001 - 2008年美国国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）中228种化学物质的生物监测数据，以研究种族/族裔与收入相关的差异。我们根据种族/族裔（墨西哥裔美国人、非西班牙裔黑人、非西班牙裔白人）和收入（低收入：贫困收入比（PIR）<2，高收入：PIR≥2）定义了六个亚组。我们通过比较每个亚组生物监测浓度的集中趋势（几何均值[GM]）与参考亚组（非西班牙裔白人/高收入）的集中趋势来评估差异，并使用霍尔姆 - 邦费罗尼程序对多重比较进行校正。
有足够的数据来估计108种化学物质的至少一个几何均值比（GMR）；37种化学物质的至少一个GMR在统计学上与1不同。有12种化学物质存在潜在环境正义问题的证据（GMR显著>1）：可替宁；锑；铅；铊；2,4 - 和2,5 - 二氯苯酚；对，对'-二氯二苯二氯乙烯；甲基和丙基对羟基苯甲酸酯；以及单乙基、单异丁基和单正丁基邻苯二甲酸酯。还有25种化学物质的GMR显著<1的证据（其中17种是多氯联苯）。
尽管我们的许多结果与美国文献一致，但与环境正义相关的二氯苯酚和一些金属的研究结果是新颖的。
