Yamaki N, Kohno T, Ishiwata S, Matsushita H, Yoshihara K, Iida Y, Mizoguchi T, Okuzawa S, Sakamoto K, Kachi H
Dev Toxicol Environ Sci. 1986;13:17-40.
In this paper, the state of the art of the chemical characterization of diesel particulates in Japan is presented. However, some of these results are only preliminary. The principal contents may be summarized as follows: Characterization of Diesel Particulates; Examples of the application of the chemical characterization to various studies are described. Measurements for elemental composition and distributions of molecular weight and boiling point of diesel particulates and related samples were carried out to gain a better understanding of the main components of diesel particulates. Determinations of carbonaceous components, elemental carbon and organic carbon, in diesel particulates were made by a thermal carbon analyzer, and these results were applied to the study of the relations between such components and the driving conditions of diesel vehicles and to the estimate of emission rates of carbonaceous components from on-road diesel vehicles in a highway tunnel. It seems that the thermal carbon analyzer can be used to advantage in the determination of such carbonaceous components. Artifacts of PAH and 1-NP during Collection of Diesel Particulates; In order to minimize the artifacts of PAH during collection of diesel particulates, three methods were investigated for the artifacts of BkF, BaP and BghiP; two methods incorporated the removal of reactive gaseous components such as NO2, with an ACF method and an impinger method, and the third was a high dilution sampling method. These results suggest that the high dilution sampling method is very promising. From the results of various studies including model experiments, it is clear that the artifact formation of 1-NP is of first order dependence on total amounts of nitrate on carbon black and diesel particulates, not on gaseous nitric acid, although second order dependence of the artifact formation on NO2 concentration is ambiguous. Aside from the above studies, the relation between 1-NP concentrations in diesel exhaust and NO2 concentrations in the dilution tunnel with changing the dilution ratio at a fixed driving condition was utilized for an estimate of the artifact formation of 1-NP, and the estimated results are discussed in connection with the reaction order of the artifact formation on NO2 concentration. Concentrations of Various Components in Diesel Exhaust and Ambient Air; Analytical results are presented for the PAH, mononitro-PAH and dinitro-PAH in particulate samples collected from the exhaust of both IDI and DI diesel vehicles and the ambient air in several areas in Japan and China.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
本文介绍了日本柴油颗粒物化学表征的最新技术水平。然而，其中一些结果只是初步的。主要内容可总结如下：柴油颗粒物的表征；描述了化学表征在各种研究中的应用实例。对柴油颗粒物及相关样品的元素组成、分子量分布和沸点进行了测量，以更好地了解柴油颗粒物的主要成分。用热碳分析仪测定了柴油颗粒物中的含碳成分、元素碳和有机碳，并将这些结果应用于研究这些成分与柴油车辆行驶条件之间的关系，以及估算公路隧道中道路柴油车辆含碳成分的排放率。热碳分析仪似乎可有效地用于测定此类含碳成分。柴油颗粒物采集过程中多环芳烃和1-硝基芘的假象；为了尽量减少柴油颗粒物采集过程中多环芳烃的假象，研究了三种方法来处理苯并荧蒽、苯并[a]芘和苯并[ghi]芘的假象；两种方法采用活性炭纤维（ACF）法和冲击瓶法去除二氧化氮等活性气态成分，第三种是高稀释采样法。这些结果表明高稀释采样法很有前景。从包括模型实验在内的各种研究结果来看，很明显，1-硝基芘假象的形成对炭黑和柴油颗粒物上硝酸盐的总量呈一级依赖性，而不是对气态硝酸呈一级依赖性，尽管假象形成对二氧化氮浓度的二级依赖性尚不明确。除上述研究外，在固定行驶条件下改变稀释比时，利用柴油尾气中1-硝基芘浓度与稀释隧道中二氧化氮浓度之间的关系来估算1-硝基芘假象的形成，并结合假象形成对二氧化氮浓度的反应级数对估算结果进行了讨论。柴油尾气和环境空气中各种成分的浓度；给出了从日本和中国几个地区的直喷式（IDI）和间接喷射式（DI）柴油车辆尾气以及环境空气中采集的颗粒物样品中多环芳烃、单硝基多环芳烃和二硝基多环芳烃的分析结果。（摘要截选至400字）
