Rodriguez-Llanes Jose Manuel, Vos Femke, Guha-Sapir Debarati
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, Institute of Health and Society, Université catholique de Louvain, Clos Chapelle-aux-Champs 30, Brussels 1200, Belgium.
Environ Health. 2013 Dec 20;12:115. doi: 10.1186/1476-069X-12-115.
Despite rising interest on the concept of societal resilience and its measurement, little has been done to provide operational indicators. Importantly, an evidence-based approach to assess the suitability of indicators remains unexplored. Furthermore few approaches that exist do not investigate indicators of psychological resilience, which is emerging as an important component of societal resilience to disasters. Disasters are events which overwhelm local capacities, often producing human losses, injury and damage to the affected communities. As climate hazards and disasters are likely to increase in the coming decades, strengthening the capacity of societies to withstand these shocks and recover quickly is vital. In this review, we search the Web of Knowledge to summarize the evidence on indicators of psychological resilience to disasters and provided a qualitative assessment of six selected studies. We find that an evidence-based approach using features from systematic reviews is useful to compile, select and assess the evidence and elucidate robust indicators. We conclude that strong social support received after a disaster is associated with an increased psychological resilience whereas a female gender is connected with a decrease in the likelihood of a resilient outcome. These results are consistent across disaster settings and cultures and are representative of approximately 13 million disaster-exposed civilians of adult age. An approach such as this that collects and evaluates evidence will allow indicators of resilience to be much more revealing and useful in the future. They will provide a robust basis to prioritize indicators to act upon through intersectoral policies and post-disaster public health interventions.
尽管对社会恢复力的概念及其衡量方法的兴趣日益浓厚，但在提供可操作的指标方面却做得很少。重要的是，一种基于证据的方法来评估指标的适用性仍未得到探索。此外，现有的少数方法并未研究心理恢复力指标，而心理恢复力正成为社会对灾害恢复力的一个重要组成部分。灾害是指那些超出当地应对能力的事件，往往会造成人员伤亡和对受影响社区的损害。由于未来几十年气候灾害可能会增加，加强社会抵御这些冲击并迅速恢复的能力至关重要。在本综述中，我们在科学网中进行搜索，以总结有关灾害心理恢复力指标的证据，并对六项选定研究进行了定性评估。我们发现，一种基于系统评价特征的循证方法有助于汇编、选择和评估证据，并阐明可靠的指标。我们得出结论，灾害后获得的强大社会支持与心理恢复力的增强相关，而女性性别则与恢复力结果的可能性降低相关。这些结果在不同的灾害背景和文化中是一致的，并且代表了约1300万成年受灾平民。这样一种收集和评估证据的方法将使恢复力指标在未来更具启发性和实用性。它们将为通过跨部门政策和灾后公共卫生干预措施来优先考虑采取行动的指标提供一个有力的基础。
