a Department of Psychology , The University of Chicago , Chicago , IL , USA.
Soc Neurosci. 2014 Feb;9(1):36-49. doi: 10.1080/17470919.2013.866905.
Facial expressions play a critical role in social interactions by eliciting rapid responses in the observer. Failure to perceive and experience a normal range and depth of emotion seriously impact interpersonal communication and relationships. As has been demonstrated across a number of domains, abnormal emotion processing in individuals with psychopathy plays a key role in their lack of empathy. However, the neuroimaging literature is unclear as to whether deficits are specific to particular emotions such as fear and perhaps sadness. Moreover, findings are inconsistent across studies. In the current experiment, 80 incarcerated adult males scoring high, medium, and low on the Hare Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning while viewing dynamic facial expressions of fear, sadness, happiness, and pain. Participants who scored high on the PCL-R showed a reduction in neuro-hemodynamic response to all four categories of facial expressions in the face processing network (inferior occipital gyrus, fusiform gyrus, and superior temporal sulcus (STS)) as well as the extended network (inferior frontal gyrus and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)), which supports a pervasive deficit across emotion domains. Unexpectedly, the response in dorsal insula to fear, sadness, and pain was greater in psychopaths than non-psychopaths. Importantly, the orbitofrontal cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), regions critically implicated in affective and motivated behaviors, were significantly less active in individuals with psychopathy during the perception of all four emotional expressions.
面部表情在社交互动中起着至关重要的作用，它能在观察者中引发快速反应。无法感知和体验正常范围和深度的情绪会严重影响人际沟通和人际关系。在许多领域都已经证明，精神病患者的情绪处理异常在他们缺乏同理心方面起着关键作用。然而，神经影像学文献对于缺陷是否特定于特定情绪（如恐惧，也许还有悲伤）并不清楚。此外，研究结果不一致。在当前的实验中，80 名被监禁的成年男性在 Hare 精神病态检查表修订版（PCL-R）上得分高、中、低，他们接受了功能磁共振成像（fMRI）扫描，同时观看了恐惧、悲伤、幸福和痛苦的动态面部表情。在 PCL-R 上得分高的参与者在面部处理网络（枕下回、梭状回和颞上沟（STS））以及扩展网络（额下回和眶额皮层（OFC））中对所有四类面部表情的神经血液动力学反应减少，这支持了情绪领域的普遍缺陷。出乎意料的是，精神病患者对恐惧、悲伤和疼痛的背侧脑岛反应大于非精神病患者。重要的是，在感知所有四种情绪表达时，眶额皮层和腹内侧前额叶皮层（vmPFC）在精神病患者中的活动明显较少，而眶额皮层和腹内侧前额叶皮层（vmPFC）在情感和动机行为中起着至关重要的作用。
