National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Attn: MD B243-01, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA), U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, Attn: MD B243-01, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
Environ Res. 2014 Jul;132:132-9. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.03.040. Epub 2014 Apr 25.
A range of health effects, including adverse pregnancy outcomes, have been associated with exposure to ambient concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and ozone (O3). The objective of this study was to determine whether maternal exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and O3 during pregnancy is associated with the risk of term low birthweight and small for gestational age infants in both single and co-pollutant models. Term low birthweight and small for gestational age were determined using all birth certificates from North Carolina from 2003 to 2005. Ambient air concentrations of PM2.5 and O3 were predicted using a hierarchical Bayesian model of air pollution that combined modeled air pollution estimates from the EPA׳s Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model with air monitor data measured by the EPA׳s Air Quality System. Binomial regression, adjusted for multiple potential confounders, was performed. In adjusted single-pollutant models for the third trimester, O3 concentration was positively associated with small for gestational age and term low birthweight births [risk ratios for an interquartile range increase in O3: 1.16 (95% CI 1.11, 1.22) for small for gestational age and 2.03 (95% CI 1.80, 2.30) for term low birthweight]; however, inverse or null associations were observed for PM2.5 [risk ratios for an interquartile range increase in PM2.5: 0.97 (95% CI 0.95, 0.99) for small for gestational age and 1.01 (95% CI 0.97, 1.06) for term low birthweight]. Findings were similar in co-pollutant models and linear models of birthweight. These results suggest that O3 concentrations in both urban and rural areas may be associated with an increased risk of term low birthweight and small for gestational age births.
一系列健康影响，包括不良妊娠结局，已与暴露于环境颗粒物 (PM) 和臭氧 (O3) 浓度有关。本研究的目的是确定孕妇在怀孕期间暴露于细颗粒物 (PM2.5) 和 O3 是否与单污染物和共污染物模型中足月低体重儿和小于胎龄儿的风险有关。足月低体重儿和小于胎龄儿的定义是使用 2003 年至 2005 年北卡罗来纳州的所有出生证明。使用一种结合了 EPA 的社区多尺度空气质量 (CMAQ) 模型中模型化空气污染估计值和 EPA 的空气质量系统测量的空气监测数据的空气污染分层贝叶斯模型来预测 PM2.5 和 O3 的环境空气浓度。采用二项式回归，调整了多个潜在混杂因素。在第三个三个月的调整后的单污染物模型中，O3 浓度与小于胎龄儿和足月低体重儿出生呈正相关[O3 浓度每增加一个四分位距的风险比：对于小于胎龄儿为 1.16(95%CI 1.11, 1.22)，对于足月低体重儿为 2.03(95%CI 1.80, 2.30)；然而，对于 PM2.5 则观察到相反或无效的关联[PM2.5 浓度每增加一个四分位距的风险比：对于小于胎龄儿为 0.97(95%CI 0.95, 0.99)，对于足月低体重儿为 1.01(95%CI 0.97, 1.06)]。在共污染物模型和体重线性模型中发现的结果相似。这些结果表明，城市和农村地区的 O3 浓度可能与足月低体重儿和小于胎龄儿出生的风险增加有关。
