Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, NY 10065, USA.
Chem Soc Rev. 2014 Mar 7;43(5):1627-59. doi: 10.1039/c3cs60124b. Epub 2013 Dec 20.
The study of transient chemical phenomena by conventional NMR has proved elusive, particularly for non-(1)H nuclei. For (13)C, hyperpolarization using the dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) technique has emerged as a powerful means to improve SNR. The recent development of rapid dissolution DNP methods has facilitated previously impossible in vitro and in vivo study of small molecules. This review presents the basics of the DNP technique, identification of appropriate DNP substrates, and approaches to increase hyperpolarized signal lifetimes. Also addressed are the biochemical events to which DNP-NMR has been applied, with descriptions of several probes that have met with in vivo success.
通过常规 NMR 研究瞬态化学现象一直难以实现,特别是对于非(1)H 核。对于(13)C,使用动态核极化(DNP)技术进行超极化已成为提高 SNR 的有力手段。快速溶解 DNP 方法的最新发展促进了以前无法进行的小分子的体外和体内研究。本文综述了 DNP 技术的基础知识、合适的 DNP 底物的鉴定以及增加超极化信号寿命的方法。还介绍了 DNP-NMR 已应用的生化事件,并描述了几种在体内取得成功的探针。