Rachiotis George, Barbouni Anastasia, Katsioulis Antonis, Antoniadou Eleni, Kostikas Konstantinos, Merakou Kyriakoula, Kourea Kallirrhoe, Khoury Rula N, Tsouros Agis, Kremastinou Jenny, Hadjichristodoulou Christos
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
Department of Public and Administrative Health, National School of Public Health, Athens, Greece.
BMJ Open. 2017 Jan 19;7(1):e013150. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013150.
Greece is one of the leading tobacco-producing countries in European Union, and every year over 19 000 Greeks die from tobacco-attributable diseases. The aim of the present study was to provide nationally representative estimates on current and secondhand smoking prevalence in Greece and their determinants.
Cross-sectional.
Greece.
A total of 4359 individuals participated in the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS), a household survey of adults ≥15 years old (overall response rate 69%). They were selected through a multistage geographically clustered sampling design with face-to-face interview.
In 2013, we investigated the prevalence of current and secondhand smoking and their determinants. Univariate and logistic regression analysis was used in order to identify possible risk factors associated with the prevalence of current and secondhand smoking.
The prevalence of current smoking was 38.2% (95% CI 35.7% to 40.8%), and the mean number of cigarettes smoked per day was 19.8. Multivariate analysis confirmed that male gender (OR=3.24; 95% CI 2.62 to 4.00), age groups (25-39, OR=4.49; 95% CI 3.09 to 8.46 and 40-54, OR=3.51; 95% CI 1.88 to 5.87) and high school education (OR=1.97; 95% CI 1.41 to 2.74) were independently associated with the current smoking. Remarkably, responders with primary or less education had the lowest prevalence of current smoking (p<0.001). The prevalence of exposure to secondhand smoke at work, home and restaurants, was 52.3%, 65.7% and 72.2%. In total, 90.0% (95% CI 87.8% to 91.9%) of Greek population is exposed to tobacco smoke (current smoking and secondhand smoke).
Our results revealed an extremely high prevalence of current smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke among the adult population and a positive gradient between education and current smoking. These findings are alarming and implementation of comprehensive tobacco control and prevention strategies could be impactful in fighting the tobacco epidemic in Greece.
希腊是欧盟主要的烟草生产国之一，每年有超过19000名希腊人死于烟草相关疾病。本研究的目的是提供希腊当前吸烟和二手烟流行率及其决定因素的全国代表性估计。
横断面研究。
希腊。
共有4359人参与了全球成人烟草调查（GATS），这是一项针对15岁及以上成年人的家庭调查（总体应答率为69%）。他们通过多阶段地理聚类抽样设计并进行面对面访谈来选取。
2013年，我们调查了当前吸烟和二手烟的流行率及其决定因素。采用单变量和逻辑回归分析以确定与当前吸烟和二手烟流行率相关的可能风险因素。
当前吸烟率为38.2%（95%置信区间35.7%至40.8%），每天吸烟的平均数量为19.8支。多变量分析证实，男性（比值比=3.24；95%置信区间2.62至4.00）、年龄组（25 - 39岁，比值比=4.49；95%置信区间3.09至8.46以及40 - 54岁，比值比=3.51；95%置信区间1.88至5.87）和高中教育程度（比值比=1.97；95%置信区间1.41至2.74）与当前吸烟独立相关。值得注意的是，小学及以下教育程度的应答者当前吸烟率最低（p<0.001）。在工作场所、家中和餐馆接触二手烟的比例分别为52.3%、65.7%和72.2%。总体而言，90.0%（95%置信区间87.8%至91.9%）的希腊人口暴露于烟草烟雾（当前吸烟和二手烟）。
我们的结果显示成年人群中当前吸烟率和二手烟暴露率极高，且教育程度与当前吸烟之间存在正相关梯度。这些发现令人担忧，实施全面的烟草控制和预防策略可能对希腊抗击烟草流行产生重大影响。
