Witczak Agnieszka, Prystupa Andrzej, Kurys-Denis Ewa, Borys Michał, Czuczwar Mirosław, Niemcewicz Marcin, Kocik Janusz, Michalak Anna, Pietrzak Aldona, Chodorowska Grażyna, Krupski Witold, Mosiewicz Jerzy, Tomasiewicz Krzysztof
Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University, Lublin, Poland.
II Department of Radiology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland.
Ann Agric Environ Med. 2013;20(4):820-2.
ARDS is defined as an acute inflammatory syndrome characterized with bilateral parenchymal lung infiltrates on chest radiograph and PaO2/FiO2 ratio<200 resulting from causes other than acute left ventricular dysfunction. Inflammatory lung lesions may be induced by different disorders, with sepsis being the leading cause of ARDS. Other causes include infectious pneumonia, aspiration of gastric contents, drugs, severe trauma, fat embolism, surface burn, massive blood transfusion. Influenza A/H1N1 infection seems to be responsible for the development of extremely severe type of ARDS with poor response to routine treatment. Despite great progress in the management of ARDS with novel agents and sophisticated techniques, including antimicrobial drugs, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, prostaglandins, nitric oxide, prostacyclin, exogenous surfactant administration and activated protein C, supportive treatment based mostly on advanced mechanical ventilation in the intensive care units seems to be the most important for the prognosis.
急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）被定义为一种急性炎症综合征，其特征为胸部X光片显示双侧肺实质浸润，且动脉血氧分压（PaO2）/吸入氧分数值（FiO2）<200，病因并非急性左心室功能障碍。肺部炎症性病变可能由不同疾病诱发，其中脓毒症是ARDS的主要病因。其他病因包括感染性肺炎、胃内容物误吸、药物、严重创伤、脂肪栓塞、体表烧伤、大量输血。甲型H1N1流感感染似乎是导致极其严重类型ARDS的原因，且对常规治疗反应不佳。尽管在使用新型药物和先进技术（包括抗菌药物、体外膜肺氧合、前列腺素、一氧化氮、前列环素、外源性表面活性物质给药和活化蛋白C）治疗ARDS方面取得了巨大进展，但在重症监护病房中，主要基于先进机械通气的支持治疗似乎对预后最为重要。
