Lloyd Caleb D, Hanby Laura J, Serin Ralph C
Department of Psychology, Carleton University.
J Consult Clin Psychol. 2014 Apr;82(2):298-311. doi: 10.1037/a0035360. Epub 2013 Dec 23.
Exposure to antisocial others within treatment group sessions may have negative impact. We extend prior research with adolescents by examining rehabilitation group composition among adult male incarcerated offenders.
Data were gathered from institution files of rehabilitation completers (N = 1,832; M age = 33.5; 19% Aboriginal, 68% Caucasian), including general, substance, violent, and sex offenders. Capacities for treatment (including motivation, learning ability, and inhibitory control) were gathered from intake assessments. At the beginning and end of rehabilitation, providers rated program performance. Risk for recidivism and postrelease recidivism were gathered from official files, up to 3 years following release.
Group effects accounted for up to 40% of variance in program outcomes. Group features (average group participant risk to reoffend and risk score diversity) significantly interacted with treatment capacities to explain program outcomes. Most models revealed a dampening effect whereby the positive association between capacities and outcome was reduced in groups of higher risk and more risk diverse coparticipants. Group composition typically accounted for 30-38% of variance between groups, but total variance in outcome explained was generally small. Higher average group risk predicted postrelease recidivism among family violence offenders.
Coparticipants should be considered when researching and providing group programs to adult offenders, with specific attention toward how positive outcomes may be attenuated in the presence of criminogenic coparticipants.
在治疗组会议中接触反社会的其他人可能会产生负面影响。我们通过研究成年男性在押罪犯的康复小组构成，扩展了先前对青少年的研究。
数据收集自康复完成者的机构档案（N = 1832；平均年龄 = 33.5岁；19%为原住民，68%为白种人），包括一般罪犯、 substance罪犯、暴力罪犯和性犯罪者。治疗能力（包括动机、学习能力和抑制控制）通过入院评估收集。在康复开始和结束时，提供者对项目表现进行评分。累犯风险和释放后累犯情况从官方档案中收集，直至释放后3年。
小组效应在项目结果的差异中占比高达40%。小组特征（小组参与者再次犯罪的平均风险和风险评分多样性）与治疗能力显著相互作用，以解释项目结果。大多数模型显示出一种抑制效应，即能力与结果之间的正相关在风险较高且风险差异较大的共同参与者小组中有所降低。小组构成通常在组间差异中占30 - 38%，但结果解释的总差异通常较小。较高的小组平均风险预测了家庭暴力罪犯释放后的累犯情况。
在对成年罪犯进行研究和提供小组项目时，应考虑共同参与者，尤其要关注在存在犯罪ogenic共同参与者的情况下积极结果可能如何被削弱。 （注：“substance”此处结合语境可能是指与毒品等相关犯罪类型，但原词表述不太准确，暂保留原文。“criminogenic”可能是“criminogenic risk”的错误表述，结合语境推测可能是指“具有犯罪诱发因素的” ）
