Department of Psychology, University of Texas at El Paso.
Centre for Forensic Behavioural Science, Swinburne University of Technology.
Law Hum Behav. 2019 Dec;43(6):558-567. doi: 10.1037/lhb0000348. Epub 2019 Aug 29.
Specific responsivity features are not directly targeted in offender rehabilitation programs but may impact a client's receptivity. We investigated if two features may explain why high-quality correctional programs do not uniformly impact all high-risk, high-needs clients.
The current study was exploratory. We hypothesized a relationship between higher static risk and poorer program outcomes and then explored if this relationship was attenuated by age and motivation.
Program providers rated the performance of incarcerated males (n = 2,417, Mean age = 33.6, SD = 9.9, Range = 18-81) who attended one of six types of programs during incarceration (for general, violent, and sexual offenders). Using risk scores calculated at prison entry, we predicted performance and official record recidivism. Preprogram motivation and age were moderators.
Five of 24 exploratory multilevel models revealed an attenuated relationship between risk and program outcome among older offenders (percent variance explained = 17.9% within violence groups; 11.5% within living skills groups; and a 9% difference in predicted recidivism rates among high-risk attendees of family violence groups) and offenders with higher preprogram motivation (percent variance explained = 43.6% within violence groups, and a 7% difference in predicted recidivism rates among high risk attendees in living skills groups).
Age and motivation can be specific responsivity features that may deserve attention in rehabilitation practice. However, observed effects may have been weakened by underdeveloped, single-indicator measurement strategies. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
罪犯康复计划并未直接针对特定反应性特征，但可能会影响客户的接受度。我们调查了两个特征是否可以解释为什么高质量的矫正计划不会统一影响所有高风险、高需求的客户。
本研究为探索性研究。我们假设较高的静态风险与较差的计划结果之间存在关系，然后探讨了这种关系是否因年龄和动机而减弱。
项目提供者评估了在监禁期间参加六种类型项目之一的被监禁男性（n = 2417，平均年龄 = 33.6，SD = 9.9，范围 = 18-81）的表现。使用入狱时计算的风险评分，我们预测了表现和官方记录累犯率。前计划动机和年龄是调节变量。
24 个探索性多层次模型中的 5 个模型揭示了年龄较大的罪犯（在暴力组中，风险与计划结果之间的关系减弱，百分比方差解释为 17.9%；在生活技能组中，百分比方差解释为 11.5%；在家庭暴力组中，高风险参与者的预测累犯率差异为 9%）和前计划动机较高的罪犯（在暴力组中，百分比方差解释为 43.6%，在生活技能组中，高风险参与者的预测累犯率差异为 7%）之间的关系减弱。
年龄和动机可以是特定的反应性特征，这可能值得在康复实践中关注。然而，观察到的效果可能因不发达的单一指标测量策略而减弱。（APA，所有权利保留）。
