Hussain Azhar, Ibrahim Mohamed Izham, Malik Madeeha
Pharmacy Department. Hamdard Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hamdard University . Islamabad ( Pakistan ).
College of Pharmacy, Al Qassim University . Al Qassim ( Saudi Arabia ).
Pharm Pract (Granada). 2013 Oct;11(4):179-84. doi: 10.4321/s1886-36552013000400001. Epub 2013 Dec 20.
The study aimed to document the state of insomnia management at community pharmacies in Pakistan.
A cross-sectional study was conducted at randomly selected 371 pharmacies in three cities of Pakistan. Simulated patient visits were performed to collect information on case management of insomnia in terms of history taking and patient counseling at community pharmacies. The data was coded, entered and analyzed by using SPSS Version 16. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney tests (p<0.05) were performed to find out differences.
The patients were mainly handled by salesman 83.8% (n=311), by pharmacist 3.5% (n=13) and pharmacy assistants 12.7% (n=47). The mean dispensing time was 1.11 minutes (SD=5.61) with the range of 0.5 - 6 minutes. Of the 371 simulated patients who visited the pharmacies, 72.8% (n=270) subjects were given medicines and 24.3% (n=90) subjects were referred to the doctor for treatment of insomnia. 61.8% (n=193) of the subjects were given benzodiazepines, 35.6% (n=111) antihistamines and 2.6% (n=8) NSAIDs at community pharmacies in the three cities. The mean cost of treatment in case of insomnia was PKR12.7 (SD=10.13, median=10).
The disease management of insomnia by community pharmacies in Pakistan is not appropriate. The overall process of history taking, medication counselling and referral practices at community pharmacies either located in rural or urban setting and irrespective of the provider type and location of pharmacies, in the three cities is limited.
本研究旨在记录巴基斯坦社区药房失眠症管理的现状。
在巴基斯坦三个城市随机选取371家药房进行横断面研究。通过模拟患者就诊来收集社区药房在失眠症病例管理方面有关病史采集和患者咨询的信息。数据采用SPSS 16版进行编码、录入和分析。采用Kruskal-Wallis检验和Mann Whitney检验（p<0.05）来找出差异。
患者主要由销售人员处理，占83.8%（n = 311），药剂师占3.5%（n = 13），药房助理占12.7%（n = 47）。平均配药时间为1.11分钟（标准差 = 5.61），范围为0.5至6分钟。在371名到药房就诊的模拟患者中，72.8%（n = 270）的患者被给予药物，24.3%（n = 90）的患者被转介给医生治疗失眠症。在这三个城市的社区药房中，61.8%（n = 193）的患者被给予苯二氮䓬类药物，35.6%（n = 111）的患者被给予抗组胺药，2.6%（n = 8）的患者被给予非甾体抗炎药。失眠症治疗的平均费用为12.7巴基斯坦卢比（标准差 = 10.13，中位数 = 10）。
巴基斯坦社区药房对失眠症的疾病管理并不恰当。在这三个城市，无论位于农村还是城市，也无论药房的提供者类型和位置如何，社区药房在病史采集、用药咨询和转诊实践等整个过程都很有限。
