Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan.
Inquiry. 2021 Jan-Dec;58:469580211036283. doi: 10.1177/00469580211036283.
The study aimed to determine the impact of pharmacist-led interventions on diabetes management at a community pharmacy in Pakistan.
A one-month follow-up, randomized controlled trial (RCT) was carried out between December 1, 2016 and June 30, 2017. Sampling population consisted of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study population was randomized to a control group or an intervention group to determine the impact of a community pharmacist intervention on glycemic control fasting blood glucose (FBG) and random blood glucose (RBG), medication adherence (MMAS), and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (EQ-5D-3L). Both non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventional tools were used that consist of array of charts and verbal communication by pharmacist. Outcomes for continuous variables were analyzed using paired sample t-test for time effect and one sample t-test to evaluate the study group effect. Independent sample t-test was used to compare each independent variable with dependent variable. A -value of <.05 was considered statistically significant.
The control and intervention groups showed significant improvement (-value < .05) in glycemic control, medication adherence, and HRQoL. However, the difference between the control and intervention groups was not statistically significant in terms of blood glucose levels and HRQoL (time trade off, TTO). There was a clinically significant association between pharmacist intervention and predefined glycemic control among the study participants (FBG: -value < .001 and RBG: -value = .04). A clinically significant association was also found between pharmacist intervention and medication adherence at the end of the trial compared with baseline values (-value < .001). Similarly, a clinically significant association was found between pharmacist intervention and predefined HRQoL [TTO: -value = .002 and EQ-VAS: -value = .001].
A significant proportion of T2DM patients in the intervention group achieved predefined glycemic control, medication adherence, and health related quality of life.
本研究旨在确定在巴基斯坦社区药房中，由药剂师主导的干预措施对糖尿病管理的影响。
2016 年 12 月 1 日至 2017 年 6 月 30 日期间进行了为期一个月的随访、随机对照试验（RCT）。采样人群由被诊断为 2 型糖尿病（T2DM）的患者组成。将研究人群随机分为对照组或干预组，以确定社区药剂师干预对血糖控制（空腹血糖（FBG）和随机血糖（RBG））、药物依从性（MMAS）和健康相关生活质量（HRQoL）（EQ-5D-3L）的影响。使用非药物和药物干预工具，包括药剂师提供的图表和口头沟通。使用配对样本 t 检验评估时间效应，使用单样本 t 检验评估研究组效应来分析连续变量的结果。使用独立样本 t 检验比较每个自变量与因变量。认为 a 值<.05 具有统计学意义。
对照组和干预组的血糖控制、药物依从性和 HRQoL 均有显著改善（a 值<.05）。然而，在血糖水平和 HRQoL（时间权衡，TTO）方面，对照组和干预组之间的差异没有统计学意义。在研究参与者中，药剂师干预与预定义的血糖控制之间存在临床显著关联（FBG：a 值<.001，RBG：a 值=.04）。与基线值相比，在试验结束时，药剂师干预与药物依从性之间也存在临床显著关联（a 值<.001）。同样，药剂师干预与预定义的 HRQoL [TTO：a 值=.002 和 EQ-VAS：a 值=.001]之间也存在临床显著关联。
干预组的相当一部分 T2DM 患者达到了预定义的血糖控制、药物依从性和健康相关生活质量。
