Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Pfarrstrasse 3, D-80538 Munich, Germany.
Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Department of Chemical Safety and Toxicology, Pfarrstrasse 3, D-80538 Munich, Germany.
Environ Int. 2014 Mar;64:61-8. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2013.11.017. Epub 2013 Dec 22.
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are used in a wide variety of products such as electronic devices, upholstery and carpets and in insulation boards. The study presented here aimed to quantify the amounts of BFRs in house dust in Germany. For this purpose 20 residences' dust samples were collected from vacuum cleaner bags and analysed with LC-MS/MS and simultaneously with GC/MS. Using GC/MS, the median (95th percentile) concentrations of PBDEs (sum of tetra- to hepta-congeners), BDE 209, Σ-HBCD (sum of three congeners), and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) were 42ng/g (230ng/g), 950ng/g (3426ng/g), 335ng/g (1545ng/g), and 146ng/g (1059ng/g), respectively. Using LC-MS/MS some "novel" flame retardants were found in median concentrations of 343ng/g (bis(2-ethyl-1-hexyl)tetrabromophthalate, TBPH), and 28ng/g (tetrabromobisphenol A, TBBPA). Whilst 1,2-bis-(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) and 2-ethyl-1-hexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB) could not be detected. Based on these measurements an exposure assessment for the sum of tetra- to heptabrominated congeners, BDE 209, and Σ-HBCD resulted in a "high" daily intake for toddlers (based on 95th percentiles) of 1.2ng/kg b.w., 0.69ng/kg b.w., and 8.9ng/kg b.w., respectively. For TBPH the "high" intake was calculated at 4.1ng/kg b.w. and for DBDPE at 5.3ng/kg b.w. A clear tendency was observed to apply "novel" BFRs in Germany. Moreover, the results suggest that the recent exposure to PBDEs and HBCD via house dust in Germany is well below the levels that are associated with health effects. For the "novel" brominated flame retardants such an assessment is not possible due to limited toxicological information.
溴化阻燃剂（BFRs）广泛应用于各种产品中，如电子设备、家具和地毯以及绝缘板。本研究旨在定量测定德国住宅灰尘中的 BFR 含量。为此，从吸尘器袋中收集了 20 个住宅的灰尘样本，并使用 LC-MS/MS 和 GC/MS 同时进行分析。使用 GC/MS，多溴二苯醚（四至七溴代同系物总和）、BDE-209、Σ-HBCD（三种同系物总和）和十溴二苯乙烷（DBDPE）的中位数（95 百分位数）浓度分别为 42ng/g（230ng/g）、950ng/g（3426ng/g）、335ng/g（1545ng/g）和 146ng/g（1059ng/g）。使用 LC-MS/MS 发现了一些“新型”阻燃剂，其浓度中位数分别为 343ng/g（双（2-乙基己基）四溴邻苯二甲酸酯，TBPH）和 28ng/g（四溴双酚 A，TBBPA）。而 1,2-双（2,4,6-三溴苯氧基）乙烷（BTBPE）和 2-乙基-1-己基-2,3,4,5-四溴邻苯二甲酸酯（EH-TBB）未检出。基于这些测量结果，对四溴至七溴代同系物、BDE-209 和 Σ-HBCD 的总和进行暴露评估，结果表明幼儿的每日摄入量（基于 95 百分位数）非常高，分别为 1.2ng/kg bw、0.69ng/kg bw 和 8.9ng/kg bw。TBPH 的高摄入量为 4.1ng/kg bw，DBDPE 的高摄入量为 5.3ng/kg bw。在德国，“新型”BFR 的应用趋势明显。此外，研究结果表明，德国近期通过住宅灰尘接触到的多溴二苯醚和 HBCD 水平远低于与健康影响相关的水平。对于“新型”溴化阻燃剂，由于毒理学信息有限，无法进行此类评估。
