Calixto Merilane da Silva, de Andrade Izaquiel Santos, Cabral-de-Mello Diogo Cavalcanti, Santos Neide, Martins Cesar, Loreto Vilma, de Souza Maria José
Laboratório de Genética e Citogenética Animal, Departamento de Genética, UFPE - Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, SN. Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, CEP 50732-970, Brazil,
Genetica. 2014 Feb;142(1):49-58. doi: 10.1007/s10709-013-9753-2. Epub 2013 Dec 25.
Chromosomal organization and the evolution of genome architecture can be investigated by physical mapping of the genes for 45S and 5S ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs) and by the analysis of telomeric sequences. We studied 12 species of bats belonging to four subfamilies of the family Phyllostomidae in order to correlate patterns of distribution of heterochromatin and the multigene families for rDNA. The number of clusters for 45S gene ranged from one to three pairs, with exclusively location in autosomes, except for Carollia perspicillata that had in X chromosome. The 5S gene all the species studied had only one site located on an autosomal pair. In no species the 45S and 5S genes collocated. The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probe for telomeric sequences revealed fluorescence on all telomeres in all species, except in Carollia perspicillata. Non-telomeric sites in the pericentromeric region of the chromosomes were observed in most species, ranged from one to 12 pairs. Most interstitial telomeric sequences were coincident with heterochromatic regions. The results obtained in the present work indicate that different evolutionary mechanisms are acting in Phyllostomidae genome architecture, as well as the occurrence of Robertsonian fusion during the chromosomal evolution of bats without a loss of telomeric sequences. These data contribute to understanding the organization of multigene families and telomeric sequences on bat genome as well as the chromosomal evolutionary history of Phyllostomidae bats.
通过对45S和5S核糖体DNA（rDNA）基因进行物理图谱分析以及对端粒序列进行分析，可以研究染色体组织和基因组结构的进化。我们研究了叶口蝠科四个亚科的12种蝙蝠，以便将异染色质的分布模式与rDNA的多基因家族联系起来。45S基因的簇数从一对到三对不等，除了在X染色体上有45S基因的小食果蝠外，其余均仅位于常染色体上。在所研究的所有物种中，5S基因都只有一个位于一对常染色体上位点。没有一个物种的45S和5S基因是并置的。端粒序列的荧光原位杂交（FISH）探针显示，除小食果蝠外，所有物种的所有端粒上均有荧光。在大多数物种的染色体着丝粒区域观察到了非端粒位点，数量从一对到12对不等。大多数间质性端粒序列与异染色质区域重合。本研究获得的结果表明，不同的进化机制在叶口蝠科的基因组结构中起作用，并且在蝙蝠的染色体进化过程中发生了罗伯逊融合，而没有端粒序列的丢失。这些数据有助于理解蝙蝠基因组上多基因家族和端粒序列的组织以及叶口蝠科蝙蝠的染色体进化历史。
