Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Population Health & Occupational Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019 Jul-Aug;7(6):1920-1928.e11. doi: 10.1016/j.jaip.2019.02.044. Epub 2019 Mar 19.
According to the community-based EuroPrevall surveys, prevalence of self-reported food allergy (FA) in adults across Europe ranges from 2% to 37% for any food and 1% to 19% for 24 selected foods.
To determine the prevalence of probable FA (symptoms plus specific IgE-sensitization) and challenge-confirmed FA in European adults, along with symptoms and causative foods.
In phase I of the EuroPrevall project, a screening questionnaire was sent to a random sample of the general adult population in 8 European centers. Phase II consisted of an extensive questionnaire on reactions to 24 preselected commonly implicated foods, and measurement of specific IgE levels. Multiple imputation was performed to estimate missing symptom and serology information for nonresponders. In the final phase, subjects with probable FA were invited for double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge.
Prevalence of probable FA in adults in Athens, Reykjavik, Utrecht, Lodz, Madrid, and Zurich was respectively 0.3%, 1.4%, 2.1%, 2.8%, 3.3%, and 5.6%. Oral allergy symptoms were reported most frequently (81.6%), followed by skin symptoms (38.2%) and rhinoconjunctivitis (29.5%). Hazelnut, peach, and apple were the most common causative foods in Lodz, Utrecht, and Zurich. Peach was also among the top 3 causative foods in Athens and Madrid. Shrimp and fish allergies were relatively common in Madrid and Reykjavik. Of the 55 food challenges performed, 72.8% were classified as positive.
FA shows substantial geographical variation in prevalence and causative foods across Europe. Although probable FA is less common than self-reported FA, prevalence still reaches almost 6% in parts of Europe.
根据基于社区的 EuroPrevall 调查，欧洲成年人报告的食物过敏（FA）患病率因任何食物而异，范围为 2%至 37%，因 24 种选定食物而异，范围为 1%至 19%。
确定欧洲成年人中可能的 FA（症状加特异性 IgE 致敏）和挑战证实的 FA 的患病率，以及症状和致病食物。
在 EuroPrevall 项目的第一阶段，向 8 个欧洲中心的一般成年人群体的随机样本发送了筛选问卷。第二阶段包括对 24 种预先选择的常见牵连食物的反应的广泛问卷，以及特异性 IgE 水平的测量。对于未应答者，采用多重插补法估计缺失的症状和血清学信息。在最后阶段，邀请有可疑 FA 的患者进行双盲安慰剂对照食物挑战。
雅典、雷克雅未克、乌得勒支、罗兹、马德里和苏黎世成年人中可疑 FA 的患病率分别为 0.3%、1.4%、2.1%、2.8%、3.3%和 5.6%。口腔过敏症状最常报告（81.6%），其次是皮肤症状（38.2%）和鼻结膜炎（29.5%）。榛子、桃子和苹果是罗兹、乌得勒支和苏黎世最常见的致病食物。桃子也是雅典和马德里前 3 名的致病食物之一。虾和鱼过敏在马德里和雷克雅未克较为常见。在进行的 55 次食物挑战中，72.8%被归类为阳性。
FA 在欧洲各地的患病率和致病食物方面存在显著的地理差异。尽管可疑 FA 比自我报告的 FA 少见，但在欧洲部分地区仍达到近 6%。
