Peiris-John R, Kool B, Ameratunga S
Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Population Health, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
Intern Med J. 2014 Mar;44(3):273-81. doi: 10.1111/imj.12364.
Acute poisoning accounts for a significant proportion of the total burden of disease worldwide. While the rate of poisoning fatalities in New Zealand is comparable to other industrialised countries, demographic trends in incidence, particularly including socio-economic indicators and substances involved, are less well known.
To determine demographic patterns and substances related to acute poisoning fatalities and hospital admissions in New Zealand among people at the age of 25 years or older.
Records with a poisoning external cause of injury code were identified using the national mortality (1999-2008) and hospital discharge (2000-2009) databases, and population-based incidence and trends were analysed.
The 1841 fatalities and 29 881 primary hospital admissions over the 10-year period accounted for mean annual rates of 7.1 and 115.4/100 000, respectively. The majority of deaths from acute poisoning were among males with the converse for hospitalisations for self-poisoning. While hospitalisation for intentional poisoning decreased with advancing age, admissions for unintentional poisoning increased, especially in Pacific people at the age of 65 years or older. Overall, fatality and hospitalisation rates increased with increasing deprivation. Two thirds of deaths and hospitalisations were due to intentional self-poisoning. Carbon monoxide was involved in most fatal intentional self-poisoning events, while pharmaceuticals were the main agent involved in fatal unintentional poisonings and poisoning admissions, irrespective of intent.
The majority of hospitalisations and deaths due to poisoning in New Zealand adults are intentional self-harm episodes. A comprehensive approach to monitoring poisoning, the underlying risks and the implementation of interventions is required to minimise risks.
急性中毒在全球疾病总负担中占相当大的比例。虽然新西兰的中毒死亡率与其他工业化国家相当，但发病率的人口统计学趋势，特别是包括社会经济指标和涉及的物质，却鲜为人知。
确定新西兰25岁及以上人群中与急性中毒死亡和住院相关的人口统计学模式及物质。
利用国家死亡率（1999 - 2008年）和医院出院情况（2000 - 2009年）数据库，识别出具有中毒外部伤害原因编码的记录，并分析基于人群的发病率和趋势。
在这10年期间，1841例死亡和29881例初次住院分别占年平均发病率的7.1/10万和115.4/10万。急性中毒导致的死亡大多数发生在男性中，而自我中毒住院情况则相反。虽然故意中毒住院率随着年龄增长而下降，但非故意中毒住院率上升，尤其是65岁及以上的太平洋岛民。总体而言，死亡率和住院率随着贫困程度的增加而上升。三分之二 的死亡和住院是由于故意自我中毒。一氧化碳涉及大多数致命的故意自我中毒事件，而药物是致命非故意中毒和中毒住院的主要因素，无论其意图如何。
新西兰成年人中因中毒导致的大多数住院和死亡是故意自我伤害事件。需要采取综合方法来监测中毒情况、潜在风险并实施干预措施，以将风险降至最低。
