School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2014 May;24(5):495-502. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.10.024. Epub 2013 Nov 1.
To review: 1) the correlation between individual dietary components and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT); 2) the relationship between dietary patterns and cIMT; 3) the effect of dietary interventions on cIMT progression.
An electronic search for epidemiological and intervention trials investigating the association between dietary components or patterns of intake and cIMT was performed in PUBMED, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library. Epidemiological data shows that a higher intake of fruit, wholegrains and soluble fibre and lower consumption of saturated fat in favour of polyunsaturated fat is associated with lower cIMT. In people at high risk of cardiovascular disease >93 g/day of fruit is associated with lower cIMT. Lower cIMT has also been observed when >0.79 serves/day of wholegrains and >25 g/day of fibre, predominately in the soluble form is consumed. Saturated fat is positively associated with cIMT, for every 10 g/day increase in saturated fat cIMT is 0.03 mm greater. Olive oil is inversely associated with cIMT, with a benefit seen when >34 g/day is consumed. While there are many epidemiological studies exploring the association between dietary intake and cIMT there are few intervention studies. Intervention studies show that a Mediterranean diet may reduce cIMT progression, especially in those with a higher cIMT.
A Mediterranean style dietary pattern, which is high in fruits, wholegrains, fibre and olive oil and low in saturated fat, may reduce carotid atherosclerosis development and progression. However further research from randomised controlled trials is required to understand the association between diet and cIMT and the underlying mechanisms.
回顾：1）个体饮食成分与颈动脉内膜中层厚度（cIMT）的相关性；2）饮食模式与 cIMT 的关系；3）饮食干预对 cIMT 进展的影响。
在 PUBMED、EMBASE 和 Cochrane 图书馆中进行了电子搜索，以调查饮食成分或摄入模式与 cIMT 之间关联的流行病学和干预试验。流行病学数据表明，较高的水果、全谷物和可溶性纤维摄入量，较低的饱和脂肪摄入，有利于多不饱和脂肪，与较低的 cIMT 相关。在心血管疾病高危人群中，每天摄入 >93 克水果与较低的 cIMT 相关。当每天摄入 >0.79 份全谷物和 >25 克纤维，主要是可溶性纤维时，也观察到较低的 cIMT。饱和脂肪与 cIMT 呈正相关，每增加 10 克/天，cIMT 增加 0.03 毫米。橄榄油与 cIMT 呈负相关，当每天摄入 >34 克时，会产生益处。虽然有许多流行病学研究探讨了饮食摄入与 cIMT 之间的关联，但很少有干预研究。干预研究表明，地中海饮食可能会减缓 cIMT 的进展，特别是在那些 cIMT 较高的人群中。
富含水果、全谷物、纤维和橄榄油，低饱和脂肪的地中海式饮食模式可能会减少颈动脉粥样硬化的发展和进展。然而，需要更多的随机对照试验研究来了解饮食与 cIMT 之间的关联及其潜在机制。
