Aghayan Maryam, Asghari Golaleh, Yuzbashian Emad, Dehghan Pooneh, Khadem Haghighian Hossein, Mirmiran Parvin, Javadi Maryam
1Department of Nutrition, School of Health, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
2Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Nutr Metab (Lond). 2019 Apr 8;16:23. doi: 10.1186/s12986-019-0350-y. eCollection 2019.
The process of atherosclerosis begins early in childhood and usually remains asymptomatic until later in life. Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis could identify early vascular alterations. Unhealthy snacks consumption is associated with obesity and other CVD risk factors in children and adolescents. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of different snack substitution and cIMT among overweight and obesity children and adolescents.
A total of 339 participants aged 6 to 13 years with the body mass index Z score ≥ 1 based on WHO criteria enrolled in this study. We measured food intakes of participants by validate and reliable food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Carotid intima media thickness was measured in the common carotid artery with high-resolution ultrasonography.
After controlling for confounders, intake of nuts had a negative relationship with cIMT (β = 0.135 mm value = 0.009). Moreover, participants in the last tertile of nuts intake had 59% lower risk of high cIMT in comparison with those who consumed less than 0.64 serving/wk./1000Kcal of nuts (P for trend = 0.010). Substituted of nuts intake with sweet unhealthy snacks had a negative relationship with cIMT (β = 0.15 mm). There was no other significant association between energy-dense nutrient-poor solid snacks and cIMT.
Our findings emphasize the impact of nuts consumption as a healthy snack on subclinical stages atherosclerosis. Clinical trial studies could examine the effect of different kinds of nuts consumption on cIMT and complications of CVD risk factors.
动脉粥样硬化进程始于儿童早期，通常在生命后期才出现症状。颈动脉内膜中层厚度（cIMT）作为亚临床动脉粥样硬化的标志物，可识别早期血管改变。食用不健康零食与儿童和青少年肥胖及其他心血管疾病风险因素相关。本研究旨在调查超重和肥胖儿童及青少年中不同零食替代与cIMT之间的关联。
本研究共纳入339名6至13岁、根据世界卫生组织标准体重指数Z评分≥1的参与者。我们通过有效且可靠的食物频率问卷（FFQ）测量参与者的食物摄入量。使用高分辨率超声测量颈总动脉的颈动脉内膜中层厚度。
在控制混杂因素后，坚果摄入量与cIMT呈负相关（β = 0.135mm，P值 = 0.009）。此外，坚果摄入量处于最高三分位数的参与者与每周每1000千卡坚果摄入量少于0.64份的参与者相比患高cIMT的风险低59%（趋势P值 = 0.010）。用不健康甜零食替代坚果摄入量与cIMT呈负相关（β = 0.15mm）。能量密集但营养匮乏的固体零食与cIMT之间无其他显著关联。
我们的研究结果强调了食用坚果作为健康零食对亚临床阶段动脉粥样硬化的影响。临床试验研究可检验食用不同种类坚果对cIMT及心血管疾病风险因素并发症的影响。
