Department of Kinesiology Recreation and Sport Studies, Coastal Carolina University, Conway, South Carolina.
J Cell Physiol. 2014 Sep;229(9):1148-56. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24542.
Human muscle hypertrophy brought about by voluntary exercise in laboratorial conditions is the most common way to study resistance exercise training, especially because of its reliability, stimulus control and easy application to resistance training exercise sessions at fitness centers. However, because of the complexity of blood factors and organs involved, invasive data is difficult to obtain in human exercise training studies due to the integration of several organs, including adipose tissue, liver, brain and skeletal muscle. In contrast, studying skeletal muscle remodeling in animal models are easier to perform as the organs can be easily obtained after euthanasia; however, not all models of resistance training in animals displays a robust capacity to hypertrophy the desired muscle. Moreover, some models of resistance training rely on voluntary effort, which complicates the results observed when animal models are employed since voluntary capacity is something theoretically impossible to measure in rodents. With this information in mind, we will review the modalities used to simulate resistance training in animals in order to present to investigators the benefits and risks of different animal models capable to provoke skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Our second objective is to help investigators analyze and select the experimental resistance training model that best promotes the research question and desired endpoints.
在实验室条件下通过自愿运动引起的人类肌肉肥大是研究抗阻训练的最常见方法，这主要是因为其可靠性、刺激控制以及便于在健身中心的抗阻训练课程中应用。然而，由于涉及的血液因素和器官的复杂性，由于包括脂肪组织、肝脏、大脑和骨骼肌在内的几个器官的整合，在人类运动训练研究中很难获得侵入性数据。相比之下，在动物模型中研究骨骼肌重塑更容易，因为在安乐死后可以很容易地获得器官；然而，并非所有动物的抗阻训练模型都具有强烈的能力来使所需的肌肉肥大。此外，一些抗阻训练模型依赖于自愿的努力，这使得在使用动物模型时观察到的结果变得复杂，因为在理论上不可能测量啮齿动物的自愿能力。考虑到这些信息，我们将回顾用于模拟动物抗阻训练的方式，以便向研究人员介绍能够引起骨骼肌肥大的不同动物模型的优点和风险。我们的第二个目标是帮助研究人员分析和选择最能促进研究问题和所需终点的实验性抗阻训练模型。
