McElrone Andrew J, Shapland Thomas M, Calderon Arturo, Fitzmaurice Li, Paw U Kyaw Tha, Snyder Richard L
Crops Pathology and Genetics Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service.
J Vis Exp. 2013 Dec 12(82):e50666. doi: 10.3791/50666.
Advanced micrometeorological methods have become increasingly important in soil, crop, and environmental sciences. For many scientists without formal training in atmospheric science, these techniques are relatively inaccessible. Surface renewal and other flux measurement methods require an understanding of boundary layer meteorology and extensive training in instrumentation and multiple data management programs. To improve accessibility of these techniques, we describe the underlying theory of surface renewal measurements, demonstrate how to set up a field station for surface renewal with eddy covariance calibration, and utilize our open-source turnkey data logger program to perform flux data acquisition and processing. The new turnkey program returns to the user a simple data table with the corrected fluxes and quality control parameters, and eliminates the need for researchers to shuttle between multiple processing programs to obtain the final flux data. An example of data generated from these measurements demonstrates how crop water use is measured with this technique. The output information is useful to growers for making irrigation decisions in a variety of agricultural ecosystems. These stations are currently deployed in numerous field experiments by researchers in our group and the California Department of Water Resources in the following crops: rice, wine and raisin grape vineyards, alfalfa, almond, walnut, peach, lemon, avocado, and corn.
先进的微气象学方法在土壤、作物和环境科学中变得越来越重要。对于许多没有大气科学正规培训的科学家来说，这些技术相对难以掌握。表面更新和其他通量测量方法需要了解边界层气象学以及在仪器仪表和多个数据管理程序方面的广泛培训。为了提高这些技术的可及性，我们描述了表面更新测量的基础理论，演示了如何建立一个用于表面更新的野外站点并进行涡度协方差校准，还利用我们的开源交钥匙数据记录程序来进行通量数据采集和处理。新的交钥匙程序会向用户返回一个包含校正通量和质量控制参数的简单数据表，无需研究人员在多个处理程序之间来回切换以获取最终的通量数据。这些测量产生的数据示例展示了如何用这种技术测量作物的水分利用情况。输出信息对种植者在各种农业生态系统中做出灌溉决策很有用。我们团队和加利福尼亚州水资源部的研究人员目前已在众多田间试验中部署了这些站点，用于以下作物：水稻、酿酒葡萄和葡萄干葡萄园、苜蓿、杏仁、核桃、桃子、柠檬、鳄梨和玉米。
