Merryfeather Lyn, Bruce Anne
School of Nursing, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Nurs Forum. 2014 Apr-Jun;49(2):110-23. doi: 10.1111/nuf.12061. Epub 2014 Jan 6.
Increasingly, people are living their lives without strict attachment to one gender. In this paper, we discuss key discourses identified in a literature review of transgender and transsexual issues in nursing. Our aim is to highlight the power of dominant discourse and lack of adequate understanding of gender diversity on the part of nurses. We use stories of trans people to illustrate these discourses. An increased awareness may support respectful care of those who do not fit comfortably within culturally defined parameters of male and female.
The invisibility of gender diversity in health care remains a threat to ethical nursing care. The effects of invisibility of transgender people in health care result in a cycle of repetition where those who have been denied recognition in turn avoid disclosure. Key discourses addressing trans people in nursing literature include invisibility, advocacy, cultural competence, and emancipation.
There is a need for further education about gender diversity in order to dispel and counter misunderstandings, stigma, and invisibility. This can be achieved through sustained efforts in nursing research and educational curricula to include gender diversity and trans people. Policies for the protection of those who change their sex or identify outside the dominant gender schema are urgently needed.
越来越多的人在生活中并不严格拘泥于一种性别。在本文中，我们探讨了在护理领域对跨性别者和易性癖问题进行文献综述时所确定的关键论述。我们的目的是强调主流论述的影响力以及护士对性别多样性缺乏充分理解的情况。我们用跨性别者的故事来说明这些论述。提高认识可能有助于对那些不符合文化所定义的男性和女性范畴的人提供尊重的护理。
医疗保健中性别多样性的隐匿性仍然是符合伦理的护理的一个威胁。跨性别者在医疗保健中不被关注所产生的影响导致了一种重复循环，即那些未得到认可的人反过来会避免透露自己的情况。护理文献中涉及跨性别者的关键论述包括隐匿性、倡导、文化能力和解放。
需要进一步开展关于性别多样性的教育，以消除和对抗误解、污名化及隐匿性。这可以通过护理研究和教育课程持续努力纳入性别多样性和跨性别者相关内容来实现。迫切需要制定政策来保护那些改变性别或不符合主流性别模式的人。
