66963Foundation University Islamabad, Pakistan.
Islamabad Nursing College, Pakistan.
Nurs Ethics. 2021 Sep;28(6):1041-1060. doi: 10.1177/0969733020988307. Epub 2021 Mar 11.
Transgender individuals experience discrimination, stigmatization, and unethical and insensitive attitudes in healthcare settings. Therefore, healthcare professionals must be knowledgeable about the ways to deliver ethical and culturally competent care.
No formal ethical approval was required.
To synthesize the literature and identify gaps about approaches to the provision of ethical and culturally competent care to transgender populations.
A Scoping Review.
Literature was searched within CINAHL, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and Scopus databases using indexed keywords such as "transgender," "gender non-conforming," "ethically sensitive care," and "culturally sensitive care." In total, 30 articles, which included transgender patients and their families and nurses, doctors, and health professionals who provided care to transgender patients, were selected for review. Data were extracted and synthesized using tabular and narrative summaries and thematic synthesis.
Of 30 articles, 23 were discussion papers, 5 research articles, and 1 each case study and an integrative review. This indicates an apparent dearth of literature about ethical and culturally sensitive care of transgender individuals. The review identified that healthcare professionals should educate themselves about sensitive issues, become more self-aware, put transgender individual in charge during care interactions, and adhere to the principles of advocacy, confidentiality, autonomy, respect, and disclosure.
The review identified broad approaches for the provision of ethical and culturally competent care. The identified approaches could be used as the baseline, and further research is warranted to develop and assess organizational and individual-level approaches.
跨性别者在医疗保健环境中会经历歧视、污名化以及不道德和不敏感的态度。因此，医疗保健专业人员必须了解提供合乎道德且文化上适宜的护理的方法。
不需要正式的伦理批准。
综合文献并确定为跨性别群体提供合乎道德且文化上适宜的护理的方法方面的差距。
范围综述。
使用索引关键词，如“跨性别”“性别不一致”“道德敏感护理”和“文化敏感护理”，在 CINAHL、Science Direct、PubMed、Google Scholar、EMBASE 和 Scopus 数据库中搜索文献。共选择了 30 篇文章进行综述，其中包括跨性别患者及其家属以及为跨性别患者提供护理的护士、医生和卫生专业人员。使用表格和叙述性摘要以及主题综合提取和综合数据。
在 30 篇文章中，23 篇是讨论论文，5 篇是研究文章，1 篇是案例研究，1 篇是综合评论。这表明关于跨性别个体的合乎道德且文化上适宜的护理的文献明显不足。综述确定，医疗保健专业人员应该了解敏感问题，提高自我意识，在护理互动中让跨性别个体负责，并遵守倡导、保密、自主、尊重和披露的原则。
综述确定了提供合乎道德且文化上适宜的护理的广泛方法。所确定的方法可以用作基线，需要进一步研究以制定和评估组织和个人层面的方法。
