Pereira Leite Luis, Correia Sá Inês, Marques Marisa
Departamento de Cirurgia. Faculdade de Medicina. Universidade do Porto. Porto. Portugal.
Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica, Reconstrutiva e Estética. Departamento de Cirurgia - FMUP. Hospital de São João. Porto. Portugal.
Acta Med Port. 2013 Nov-Dec;26(6):737-45. Epub 2013 Dec 20.
Capsular contracture is a chronic and the most frequent complication of augmentation mammoplasty with breast implants and the main cause of patient's and surgeon's dissatisfaction. The mammary capsule consists of a fibrous tissue that surrounds the implant that may contract, changing the shape and consistency of the breast. In its advanced stage is accompanied by pronounced deformity, hardness and pain, being indicated for surgical treatment.
All the articles indexed on PubMed through the search 'capsular contracture' (2000 - January 2012) were reviewed and were included the articles of greater interest in terms of etiology, prophylaxis and treatment. Articles referred in relevant publications were also examined.
Everything indicates that its etiology is multifactorial; the etiopathology of breast capsular contracture continues being subject of multiple pre-clinical investigations. There are many studies performed in order to prevent the onset of capsular contracture but, although promising results, little is set for its application on clinical practice. The capsulectomy/capsulotomy continues being the gold standard treatment although the future may undergo non invasive techniques, at least in mild stages of disease.
Although the surgical techniques and the quality of breast implants have been improving drastically in recent years, capsular contracture remains a real complication with great incidence and that continues affecting thousands of women all over the world.
包膜挛缩是隆乳术（使用乳房植入物）的一种慢性且最常见的并发症，也是患者和外科医生不满意的主要原因。乳腺包膜由围绕植入物的纤维组织构成，该组织可能会收缩，从而改变乳房的形状和质地。在其晚期会伴有明显的畸形、硬度增加和疼痛，此时需进行手术治疗。
回顾了通过在PubMed上搜索“包膜挛缩”（2000年 - 2012年1月）索引的所有文章，并纳入了在病因、预防和治疗方面最具参考价值的文章。还查阅了相关出版物中引用的文章。
一切都表明其病因是多因素的；乳腺包膜挛缩的发病机制仍是多项临床前研究的主题。为预防包膜挛缩的发生进行了许多研究，然而，尽管取得了有前景的结果，但在临床实践中的应用却很少。包膜切除术/包膜切开术仍是金标准治疗方法，不过未来可能会采用非侵入性技术，至少在疾病的轻度阶段。
尽管近年来手术技术和乳房植入物的质量有了大幅提高，但包膜挛缩仍然是一种实际存在且发生率很高的并发症，继续影响着世界各地成千上万的女性。
