Chen Jian, Liu Guijian, Kang Yu, Wu Bin, Sun Ruoyu, Zhou Chuncai, Wu Dun
CAS Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environment, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China,
Environ Geochem Health. 2014 Aug;36(4):735-53. doi: 10.1007/s10653-013-9592-1. Epub 2014 Jan 5.
Coal is one of the major energy resources in China, accounting for approximately 70 % of primary energy consumption. Many environmental problems and human health risks arise during coal exploitation, utilization, and waste disposal, especially in the remote mountainous areas of western China (e.g., eastern Yunnan, western Guizhou and Hubei, and southern Shaanxi). In this paper, we report a thorough review of the environmental and human health impacts related to coal utilization in China. The abundance of the toxic trace elements such as F, As, Se, and Hg in Chinese coals is summarized. The environmental problems (i.e., water, soil, and air pollution) that are related to coal utilization are outlined. The provenance, distributions, typical symptoms, sources, and possible pathways of endemic fluorosis, arsenism, and selenosis due to improper coal usage (briquettes mixed with high-F clay, mineralized As-rich coal, and Se-rich stone coal) are discussed in detail. In 2010, 14.8, 1.9 million, and 16,000 Chinese people suffered from dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, and arsenism, respectively. Finally, several suggestions are proposed for the prevention and treatment for endemic problems caused by coal utilization.
煤炭是中国主要的能源资源之一，约占一次能源消费的70%。在煤炭开采、利用和废弃物处理过程中会出现许多环境问题和人类健康风险，尤其是在中国西部偏远山区（如云南东部、贵州西部、湖北西部和陕西南部）。在本文中，我们全面综述了中国煤炭利用所带来的环境和人类健康影响。总结了中国煤炭中氟、砷、硒和汞等有毒微量元素的含量。概述了与煤炭利用相关的环境问题（即水、土壤和空气污染）。详细讨论了因不当使用煤炭（高氟粘土混合型煤、富含砷的矿化煤和富硒石煤）导致的地方性氟中毒、砷中毒和硒中毒的起源、分布、典型症状、来源及可能途径。2010年，分别有14.8万、190万和1.6万中国人患有氟斑牙、氟骨症和砷中毒。最后，针对煤炭利用引发的地方性问题的防治提出了几点建议。
