Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
J Ren Nutr. 2014 Mar;24(2):123-34.e1-3. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2013.10.004. Epub 2014 Jan 3.
The study objective was to develop and evaluate the feasibility and validity of a self-administered Scored Sodium Questionnaire (SSQ) for use in the routine clinical care of Australian chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
The study took place in community-based outreach clinics using a multidisciplinary model of care. Assessment of sources of dietary sodium intake in the target population used comprehensive diet history interviews (Phase 1) to inform development of a 10-item food frequency questionnaire that was scored and validated using 24-hour urinary sodium and 2 alternative dietary intake methods (Phase 2). Subjects were adults with CKD Stages 3 to 5 (Phase 1 n = 30; Phase 2 n = 47).
On a single day, participants (n = 47) completed the SSQ, feasibility survey, 24-hour urine collection, and 24-hour food record. A diet history interview was also conducted to confirm sodium intake on the day of data collection reflected habitual intake.
Validity of the SSQ score was confirmed by correlation with 24-hour urine sodium. Validity of a cutpoint on the SSQ score to correctly identify high- versus low-sodium consumers was confirmed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis: area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity.
Total SSQ score correlated significantly with 24-hour urine sodium (r = 0.371; P = .031). Correlation between 24-hour food record and diet history sodium confirmed consumption on the data collection day reflected habitual intake (r = 0.701; P ≤ .001). A cutpoint of 65 or greater on the SSQ score was confirmed as valid to identify high-sodium consumers: area under the curve 0.713, sensitivity 61%, and specificity 82%.
The SSQ is feasible and valid to assess habitual sodium intake in the Australian CKD population and to identify high-sodium consumers for referral to individualized counseling on a low-sodium diet.
本研究旨在开发并评估自评钠问卷（SSQ）在澳大利亚慢性肾脏病（CKD）患者常规临床护理中的可行性和有效性。
本研究在社区外展诊所进行，采用多学科护理模式。通过综合饮食史访谈（第 1 阶段）评估目标人群的饮食钠摄入量来源，以开发包含 10 个项目的食物频率问卷，该问卷通过 24 小时尿钠和 2 种替代饮食摄入方法进行评分和验证（第 2 阶段）。受试者为 CKD 3-5 期的成年人（第 1 阶段 n=30；第 2 阶段 n=47）。
在一天内，参与者（n=47）完成 SSQ、可行性调查、24 小时尿液收集和 24 小时食物记录。还进行了饮食史访谈，以确认数据收集日的钠摄入量反映习惯性摄入量。
SSQ 评分的有效性通过与 24 小时尿钠的相关性来确认。通过受试者工作特征曲线分析（ROC 分析），验证 SSQ 评分切点正确识别高钠和低钠消费者的能力：曲线下面积、敏感性和特异性。
SSQ 总分与 24 小时尿钠显著相关（r=0.371，P=0.031）。24 小时食物记录和饮食史钠摄入量的相关性证实，数据收集日的摄入量反映了习惯性摄入量（r=0.701，P≤0.001）。SSQ 评分≥65 被确认为有效切点，以识别高钠消费者：曲线下面积 0.713，敏感性 61%，特异性 82%。
SSQ 可用于评估澳大利亚 CKD 人群的习惯性钠摄入量，并识别高钠消费者，以便进行低钠饮食的个体化咨询。
