Tapp Lauren R, Signorile Joseph F
Departments of Kinesiology and Sport Sciences, Coral Gables, Miami, FL ; Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.
Departments of Kinesiology and Sport Sciences, Coral Gables, Miami, FL ; Center on Aging, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL ; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Bruce W Carter Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL, USA.
Clin Interv Aging. 2014;9:63-72. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S30048. Epub 2013 Dec 23.
The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the effectiveness of whole body vibration (WBV) training as a modality for inducing changes in body composition, cardiovascular condition, and muscular strength in sedentary postmenopausal women. WBV training was compared with other training regimens, ie, aerobic training and circuit resistance training, commonly used to promote weight loss, cardiovascular conditioning, and muscular strength. Postmenopausal women (aged 48-60 years) were randomly assigned to WBV training, circuit resistance training, or aerobic training. Participants trained three times per week for 8 weeks. The training regimens were progressive in nature, with increases in training intensity and duration occurring throughout the 8-week period. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry analyses. A modified Bruce treadmill protocol was used to assess aerobic capacity (VO2peak) and time to peak exhaustion. Upper and lower body strengths were determined by one repetition maximum (1-RM) chest and leg presses, respectively. Variables were analyzed using separate 3 (exercise mode) × 2 (time) repeated-measures analysis of variance with effect sizes due to the small sample size. No significant main effects or interactions were seen for any body composition variable; however, moderate to large effect sizes (η (2)=0.243 and η (2)=0.257) were detected regarding interactions for percent body fat and lean body mass favoring aerobic training and circuit resistance training. For VO2peak, no significant main effects or interactions were detected (time, η (2)=0.150; P=0.11; time × group, η (2)=0.139; P=0.30); but a significant time effect was observed for time to peak exhaustion (η (2)=0.307; P=0.017). A significant interaction for upper body strength (η (2)=0.464; P=0.007), and main effect for time in lower body strength (η (2)=0.663; P=0.0001) was detected. Post hoc analysis indicated a significant increase in upper body strength for circuit resistance training (P=0.023) and a decrease for WBV training (P=0.015). Our results indicate that WBV may not be an effective alternative to traditional training with regard to body composition or aerobic capacity, but could have a positive impact on lower body strength.
这项初步研究的目的是评估全身振动（WBV）训练作为一种方式，对久坐不动的绝经后女性身体成分、心血管状况和肌肉力量产生变化的有效性。将WBV训练与其他常用于促进体重减轻、心血管调节和肌肉力量的训练方案进行比较，即有氧训练和循环抗阻训练。绝经后女性（年龄48 - 60岁）被随机分配到WBV训练、循环抗阻训练或有氧训练组。参与者每周训练三次，共8周。训练方案本质上是渐进式的，在整个8周期间训练强度和持续时间都有所增加。使用双能X线吸收法分析评估身体成分。采用改良的布鲁斯跑步机方案评估有氧能力（最大摄氧量）和达到疲劳峰值的时间。分别通过一次重复最大值（1 - RM）的胸部推举和腿部推举来确定上半身和下半身的力量。由于样本量较小，使用单独的3（运动模式）×2（时间）重复测量方差分析对变量进行分析，并计算效应量。对于任何身体成分变量，均未观察到显著的主效应或交互作用；然而，在体脂百分比和去脂体重的交互作用方面，检测到中等至较大的效应量（η² = 0.243和η² = 0.257），有利于有氧训练和循环抗阻训练。对于最大摄氧量，未检测到显著的主效应或交互作用（时间，η² = 0.150；P = 0.11；时间×组，η² = 0.139；P = 0.30）；但在达到疲劳峰值的时间方面观察到显著的时间效应（η² = 0.307；P = 0.017）。在上半身力量方面检测到显著的交互作用（η² = 0.464；P = 0.007），在下半身力量方面检测到显著的时间主效应（η² = 0.663；P = 0.0001）。事后分析表明，循环抗阻训练的上半身力量显著增加（P = 0.023），而WBV训练的上半身力量下降（P = 0.015）。我们的结果表明，就身体成分或有氧能力而言，WBV可能不是传统训练的有效替代方法，但可能对下半身力量有积极影响。
